Background. After long-term treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), some patients may develop peritoneal fibrosis. Peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) participate in the inflammatory reactions in the peritoneal cavity, and transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) are involved in peritoneal fibrosis. Diltiazem is used frequently in patients with ...

PURPOSE Calcium channel blockers diltiazem and nitrate have been used as selective coronary vasodilators for patients with significant coronary artery spasm (CAS). However, no study has compared the efficacy of diltiazem alone versus diltiazem with nitrate for long-term clinical outcomes in patients with CAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2741 consecutive patients without significant coron...

BACKGROUND Topical nitrates lower anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures, but a majority of patients experience headache. The internal anal sphincter has a calcium dependent mechanism to maintain tone, and also receives an inhibitory extrinsic cholinergic innervation. It may therefore be possible to lower anal sphincter pressure using calcium channel blockers and cholinergic agonists wi...

The benzothiazepine diltiazem blocks ionic current through L-type Ca(2+) channels, as do the dihydropyridines (DHPs) and phenylalkylamines (PAs), but it has unique properties that distinguish it from these other drug classes. Wild-type L-type channels containing alpha(1CII) subunits, wild-type P/Q-type channels containing alpha(1A) subunits, and mutants of both channel types were transiently ex...

pharmacokinetic studies of diltiazem. CYP3A4, a key enzyme in the metabolism of diltiazem is mainly located in liver, but it is also expressed in the small intestine (Watkins et al., 1987; Pichard et al., 1990; Kolars et al., 1992). Thus, diltiazem could be metabolized in both the small intestine and the liver (Homsy et al., 1995a; Homsy et al., 1995b; Lefebvre et al., 1996). Lee et al. (1991) ...

Background—Topical nitrates lower anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures, but a majority of patients experience headache. The internal anal sphincter has a calcium dependent mechanism to maintain tone, and also receives an inhibitory extrinsic cholinergic innervation. It may therefore be possible to lower anal sphincter pressure using calcium channel blockers and cholinergic agonists wi...

BACKGROUND Calcium channel blockers are widely used in the treatment of post-transplant hypertension but have the potential for drug interaction with calcineurin inhibitors. Renal allograft outcomes when diltiazem is used with cyclosporine have been reported, but similar data with tacrolimus are not available. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all our renal transplant recipient...

Objectives: To develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of diltiazem hydrochloride (DLZ) Methods: Mixture of n-hexane and 2-propanol (96:4, ratio) was added to plasma at sample preparation time followed by centrifuging the samples. The obtained upper organic layer was transferred and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted with a mobil...

The aim of the present investigation was to develop sustained release ethylcellulose-coated egg albumin microspheres of diltiazem hydrochloride (DH) to improve patient compliance. The microspheres were prepared by the w/o emulsion thermal cross-linking method using different proportion of the polymer to drug ratio (1.0:1.0, 1.0:1.5 and 1.0:2.0). A 3(2) full factorial design was employed to opti...

*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. uring the past few decades, various types of oral controlled-release (CR) formulations have been developed to improve the clinical efficacy of drugs having short half lives as well as to increase patient compliance (1, 2). These formulations are designed to deliver drugs at a predetermined rate over a wide range of conditions and durations of the...