Shock waves and shock-shock interaction are typical phenomena in supersonic or hypersonic flows that have significant impacts on aerodynamic performance. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism shock wave interaction, detection (SWD) methods required. However, it is often challenging for most current SWD to identify relationship between (also known as topology). address this is...

The present work is devoted to the extension of non-gradient approach, namely Proportional Topology Optimization (PTO), for compliance minimization three-dimensional (3D) structures. Two schemes material interpolation within framework solid isotropic with penalization (SIMP), i.e. power function and logistic are analyzed. Through a comparative study, efficiency logistic-type scheme highlighted....