European Neandertals and their Upper Paleolithic modern human successors differ substantially in various proportions of their bodies. As compared to Neandertals, Upper Paleolithic Europeans tend to have longer limbs, both absolutely and relative to estimated skeletal trunk height; narrower bi-iliac breadths, both absolutely and relative to femur length; and higher brachial and crural indices.1–...

in the transformation semigroup (x, s) we introduce the height of a closed nonempty invariant subset of x, define the transformed dimension of nonempty subset s of x and obtain some results and relations.

BACKGROUND Double eyelidplasty can construct palpebral folds and enhance beauty perception for Asians with single eyelids. A new palpebral parameter for the quantitative interpretation of surgical outcomes is proposed on the basis of a photometric study of the altered proportions of Asian eyes after double eyelid operation. METHODS A total of 100 Asian adults with single upper eyelids who wer...