BACKGROUND The tectorial membrane (TM) in the mammalian cochlea displays anisotropy, where mechanical or structural properties differ along varying directions. The anisotropy arises from the presence of collagen fibrils organized in fibers of approximately 1 microm diameter that run radially across the TM. Mechanical coupling between the TM and the sensory epithelia is required for normal heari...

Chemotactic eukaryotic cells are able to detect chemoattractant gradients that are both shallow and have a low background concentration. Under these conditions, the noise in the number of bound receptors can be significant and needs to be taken into account in determining the directional sensing process. Here, we quantify numerically the number of bound receptors on the membrane of a disk-shape...

europium (eu) doped zno microsphere based nano-sheets were synthesized through hydrothermal method. effects of different concentrations of europium on structural and optical properties of zno nano-sheets were investigated in detail. prepared un-doped and eu-doped zno samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (xrd), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx), scanning electron microscop...

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide an attractive platform for studying strain dependent exciton transport at room temperature due to large binding energy and strong bandgap sensitivity mechanical stimuli. Here, we use Rayleigh type surface acoustic wave (SAW) demonstrate controlled directional under weak coupling regime temperature. We screen the in-plane piezoelect...

We study at the single-photon level nonreciprocal excitation transfer between emitters coupled with a common waveguide. Non-Markovian retarded effects are taken into account due to large separation distance different emitter-waveguide coupling ports. It is shown that of small-atom dimer can be obviously by introducing them coherent channel nontrivial phase. prove for models nonreciprocity canno...

Eukaryotic cells respond to a chemoattractant gradient by forming intracellular gradients of signaling molecules that reflect the extracellular chemical gradient-an ability called directional sensing. Quantitative experiments have revealed two characteristic input-output relations of the system: First, in a static chemoattractant gradient, the shapes of the intracellular gradients of the signal...

The paired teleost Mauthner (M)-cells and their associated network serve as an excellent system to study the biophysical basis of decision making. In teleosts, an abrupt sound evokes an M-spike, triggering a C-start escape that is usually directed away from a sound source. The response latency is minimized by electrical synapses between auditory afferents and the M-cell lateral dendrite. Here, ...

Direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) respond selectively to motion toward a "preferred" direction, but much less to motion toward the opposite "null" direction. Directional signals in the DSGC depend on GABAergic inhibition and are observed over a wide range of speeds, which precludes motion detection based on a fixed temporal correlation. A voltage-clamp analysis, using narrow bar stimul...

The development of silicon-based active optical devices has been a target of constant interest in recent years due the possibility of integration with CMOS technology. Silicon doping with rareearth elements is an alternative for efficient light emission in the C-band. Particularly, erbium doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is of interest given the high Er doping concentration tha...

Biochemical and mechanical signals enabling cardiac regeneration can be elucidated using in vitro tissue-engineering models. We hypothesized that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF) and slow, bi-directional perfusion could act independently and interactively to enhance the survival, differentiation, and contractile performance of tissue-engineered cardiac grafts. Heart cells were cultured on thr...