The aim of our study was to determine the contribution of secular trends and sample size to lung function reference equations, and establish the number of local subjects required to validate published reference values. 30 spirometry datasets collected between 1978 and 2009 provided data on healthy, white subjects: 19,291 males and 23,741 females aged 2.5-95 yrs. The best fit for forced expirato...

A new method for feature extraction and recognition, namely the fuzzy bidirectional weighted sum criterion (FBWSC) is proposed in this paper. FBWSC defines the row directional fuzzy image optimal image projection matrix. Subsequently, each sample in the original training sample set is transformed using the row directional optimal image projection matrix, and the row directional feature training...

Automatic facial recognition has many potential applications in different areas of humancomputer interaction. However, they are not yet fully realized due to the lack of an effectivefacial feature descriptor. In this paper, we present a new appearance based feature descriptor,the local directional pattern (LDP), to represent facial geometry and analyze its performance inrecognition. An LDP feat...

where Δpu = div(|∇u|p−2∇u) is the p-Laplacian of u with 1 < p < ∞, and λ is a real parameter. Moreover, Ω is a smooth bounded domain in RN , N ≥ 1, whose boundary ∂Ω is made of two disjoint nonempty closed sets Γ1 and Γ2 which are smooth manifolds of dimension N − 1, m and n are weights which may be indefinite and unbounded, ∂/∂ν denotes the exterior normal derivative, and u± = max{±u,0}. The m...

This paper proposes statistical analysis of phase-only correlation functions based on linear statistics and directional statistics. We derive the expectation and variance of the phase-only correlation functions assuming phase-spectrum differences of two input signals to be probability variables. We first assume linear probability distributions for the phasespectrum differences. We next assume c...

where σn−1 denotes the surface measure of the unit sphere S n−1 = {z ∈ R : |z| = 1}, and |z| denotes the standard Euclidean norm of z ∈ R. This formula is given in equation (18) on p125 of [Ste1], and it is proved by using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to first write f(x) as the integral along any ray emanating from x of the directional derivative of f in the direction of the ray, and the...

Predictive density for a future observation is derived when the given data comes from circular or spherical distributions. Model robustness of these predictive densities for the circular case is exhibited. Predictive intervals corresponding to the highest density regions are derived and an example is given. (E) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

A modeling procedure is demonstrated, which allows representation of polarization-resolved BRDF data using only four parameters: the real and imaginary parts of an effective refractive index with an added parameter taking grazing incidence absorption into account and an angular-scattering parameter determined from the BRDF measurement of a chosen angle of incidence, preferably close to normal i...

In this paper we study existence, uniqueness and solution estimates to the mixed problem r ru = 0 with Dirichlet to Neumann map boundary conditions and Neumann boundary conditions. We then show how this can be used in the reconstruction of , given the relationship between u and its normal derivative on the boundary portion where we do not apply the Dirichlet to Neumann map. A numerical reconstr...