Integral measures of weak gravitational lensing by dark-matter haloes, like the aperture mass, are sensitive to different physical halo properties dependent on the halo mass density profile. For isothermal profiles, the relation between aperture mass and virial mass is steeper than for haloes with the universal NFW profile. Consequently, the halo mass range probed by the aperture mass is much w...

In recent years, many crimes use technology to generate someone's face which has a bad effect on that person. Generative adversarial network is method fake images using discriminators and generators. Conventional GAN involved binary cross entropy loss for discriminator training classify original image from dataset generated generator. However, of cannot provided gradient information generator i...

Larger object classes often become more costly classes in the maintenance phase of object-oriented software. Consequently class would have to be constructed in a medium or small size. In order to discuss such desirable size, this paper proposes a simple method for predictively discriminating costly classes in version-upgrades, using a class size metric, Stmts. Concretely, a threshold value of c...

One popular generative model that has high quality results is the Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN). This type of architecture consists of two separate networks that play against each other. The generator creates an output from the input noise that is given to it. The discriminator has the task of determining if the input to it is real or fake. This takes place constantly eventually leads to...