Wide-area protection system (WAPS) is widely studied for the purpose of improving the performance of conventional backup protection. In this paper, the system architecture of WAPS is proposed and its key technologies are discussed in view of engineering projects. So a mixed structurecentralized-distributed structure which is more suitable for WAPS in limited power grid region, is obtained based...

High penetration of distributed generation and more frequent changes in network topology are considered as new transmission system operation regimes which could introduce new challenges in maintaining security and dependability of the system protection. This study investigates the impacts of these new operation regimes on the dynamic behavior of the transmission system and protection coordinati...

A novel early streamer emission (ESE) lightning air terminal system is designed and fabricated. By comparing the intercepted artificial lightning striking numbers of the new ESE lightning protection device and the conventional lightning rod (CLR) lightning protection device in laboratory, the effectiveness of intercepting the artificial lightning strokes by the new ESE lightning protection devi...

-Lightning protection air terminals are placed on structures and other grounded objects with the purpose of capturing the lightning stroke. A well estimation of the lateral protection distance is crucial in predicting the protection area of the lightning rod. This paper focus on a 3-D numerical modelling of lightning attachment based on physical phenomena leading to the formation and the develo...

The distance between active region and the seal-ring location has been investigated in a 0.25m CMOS process. From the experimental results, this distance can be shrunk to only 5 m without increasing leakage current and decreasing ESD robustness of the ESD protection devices after reliability tests of High-Accelerated Stress Test (HAST) and Temperature Cycling Test (TCT). * Corresponding author....

let $g$ be a connected graph with vertex set $v(g)$‎. ‎the‎ ‎degree resistance distance of $g$ is defined as $d_r(g) = sum_{{u‎,‎v} subseteq v(g)} [d(u)+d(v)] r(u,v)$‎, ‎where $d(u)$ is the degree‎ ‎of vertex $u$‎, ‎and $r(u,v)$ denotes the resistance distance between‎ ‎$u$ and $v$‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we characterize $n$-vertex unicyclic‎ ‎graphs having minimum and second minimum degree resista...

Rows seats distance is a key parameter for the comfort on coaches. This distance it is also important for the passenger safety and also for example to extend the use of rearward facing CRS in a safer way. This study analyses what could be the minimum distance (based on comfort from volunteer) and how this comfort distance is affecting the passengers level of protection in R80 frontal impact wit...

In this paper a new numerical algorithm for fault distance calculation and arcing fault recognition, based on one terminal data and derived in the time domain, is presented. The algorithm is derived for the case of most frequent single-phase line to ground fault. The faulted phase voltage is modelled as a serial connection of the fault resistance and the arc voltage. The fault distance and the ...

Distance relays must estimate accurately and quickly the distance to the fault even in presence of highly distorted input signals. Several digital filtering algorithms for distance relays have been proposed and some of them are used in practical applications. However nonlinear loads are becoming more and more common in electric power systems and that increases the corruption level of signals. F...