Airborne particulate matter (PM) increases morbidity and mortality resulting from cardiopulmonary diseases including cancer. We hypothesized that PM is genotoxic to alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) by causing DNA damage and apoptosis. PM caused dose-dependent AEC DNA strand break formation, reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi m), caspase 9 activation, and apoptosis. An iron...

Apoptosis is an important antivirus defense. To define the poorly understood pathways by which invertebrates respond to viruses by inducing apoptosis, we have identified replication events that trigger apoptosis in baculovirus-infected cells. We used RNA silencing to ablate factors required for multiplication of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Transfection with...

Apoptosis is a pathway of cell death characterized by internucleosomal digestion of genomic DNA. Such DNA digestion can be induced by both physiological stimuli and cytotoxic treatment with many anticancer agents. This digestion has generally been considered to be mediated by a Ca2VMg2*-dependent endonuclease that is activated by increases in intracellular ( 'a; '. However, we suggest that an a...

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the cytotoxicity/apoptotic effect of 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine, cladribine, (2-CdA) in the human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB468 (estrogen receptor negative, ER−). MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] assay, annexin V-Fluorescein/PI and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to detect cytotoxicity and cell apopto...

Kaempferol, a flavonoid, contains plethora of therapeutic properties and has demonstrated its efficacy against cancer. This study aims to unravel the molecular targets that are being modulated by kaempferol on HeLa cells. Various assays were performed, namely: MTT assay, flow cytometry analyze DNA content quantitate apoptosis. Quantitative PCR protein profiling performed evaluate manifestation ...

Camptothecin (CPT), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, forms a cleavable complex with topoisomerase I and single-stranded DNA. When this complex meets a replication fork, the collision generates irreversible double-strand breaks, thereby inducing apoptosis. Based on the mechanism of action, we hypothesized that cycling cells would be more sensitive to CPT than non-cycling cells and that cells stimula...

Background: Since the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during sperm cryopreservation can be overcome by antioxidants, post-thaw human sperm quality may perhaps profit from adding antioxidants to the extender media prior to cryopreservation. This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of Trolox supplementation to cryo-protective media on post-thaw motility an...

sophora pachycarpa schrenk ex c.a.mey. belongs to the family fabaceae. some species of the genus sophora have shown to possess anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activites in cancer cells. however, there is no available information addressing this effect in s. pachycarpa. here, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of methanol extract and different fractions obtained from s. pachycarpa r...