Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have caused major disease outbreaks in domestic and free-living birds with transmission to humans resulting in 59% mortality amongst 564 cases. The mutation of the amino acid at position 627 of the viral polymerase basic-2 protein (PB2) from glutamic acid (E) in avian isolates to lysine (K) in human isolates is frequently found, but it is not known...

An outbreak of egg drop disease occurred in many chicken and goose farms in China in 2011. By using an NS5-specific reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), we found that 56% of chicken and 38% of goose samples were positive for Tembusu-like virus (TMUV). Isolates showed high sequence homology to duck TMUVs, and chickens and geese showed signs of egg drop disease after experimental infection with du...

Gastroduodenal motility has been described in several avian species. In domestic turkeys (Melagridis gallapavo; Duke et al. 1972, Dziuk and Duke 1972), chickens (Gallus gallus; Roche et al. 1971), Cedar Waxwings (Bombycilla cedorum; Levey and Duke 1993), and Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leuchoroa; Duke et al. 1989), the sequence begins with contraction of the pair of thin muscles of the m...

Individuals in social species commonly form dominance relationships, where dominant individuals enjoy greater access to resources compared to subordinates. A range of factors such as sex, age, body size and prior experiences has to varying degrees been observed to affect the social status an individual obtains. Recent work on animal personality (i.e. consistent variation in behavioural response...

A tumor-like condition has been observed in a wild cottontail rabbit and has been found to be transmissible to both wild and domestic rabbits but not to guinea pigs, white rats, white mice, or chickens. The clinical picture of the experimentally produced condition and the pathological picture of the original and experimentally produced tumors have been described. The tumor has the general appea...

This chapter provides brief descriptions of diseases that 1) more commonly are found in small, backyard poultry flocks, or 2) are more significant economically or personally when they do occur. Further reading on these and many other diseases is recommended. All Poultry Types. Two important diseases shared by chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, partridges, pheasants, quail, and domestic waterfowl (...

Village chicken is known as a high-quality product perception and sold at high prices. However, the authenticity of village doubted because colored has been claimed to fraud consumers gain profit. No stringent strategy implemented by local authority on chickens. Thus, study aimed determine meat quality different breeds including chicken, broiler (Cobb), (Hubbard), layer from genuine suppliers c...

We provide a framework and evidence to confront two questions: Does the location of an establishment shape its adoption of different complex Internet applications even when controlling for an industry’s features? If location does matter, what features in an industry shape whether Internet adoption follows a pattern consistent with the urban leadership or global village hypotheses? Our findings ...