Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of genomic macrorestriction fragments has been used by the Belgian Reference Laboratory for Staphylococci for national hospital surveys of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus since 1992. The sequencing of the polymorphic X region of the protein A gene (spa typing) offers significant advantages over PFGE in terms of speed, ease of interpretation, a...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT). Here, we investigated whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matching was related to HCMV infection and subsequent graft failure after LT for hepatitis B virus  cirrhosis. This retrospective study reviewed 91 LT recipients. All the patients were grouped according to HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR locus...

BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) has emerged globally in companion animals in the last decade. In Europe, the multidrug-resistant sequence type (ST)71 is widespread, but recently other clones have appeared. The objective of this study was to examine genotypic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of clinical MRSP isolates obtained from dogs, including dog...

The epidemiology of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) remains poorly understood. We therefore sought to determine the genetic relationship of 25 NTHi isolated from various states in Malaysia using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The majority of isolates were obtained from sputum. There were 24 novel sequence types (STs). Eight isolates were single-locus variants, the remainder being...

Leptospirosis is a worldwide widespread zoonosis caused by Leptospira genus. We report an acute leptospirosis case in puppy housed at municipal kennel and the subsequent diagnostic investigations carried out on all dogs kennel. Laboratory investigation included mainly microagglutination test, real-time PCR, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) for Other agents of infection were excluded. The resu...

Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an important pathogen contaminating powdered infant formula (PIF). To describe the genotypic diversity of Cronobacter isolated in China, we identified the isolates using fusA allele sequencing, and subtyped all of the isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Phenotypic techniques 3.1. Serotype analysis 3.2. Biotype and phage type analysis 3.3. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns 4. Genotypic techniques 4.1. Plasmid analysis 4.2. Chromosomal restriction fragment analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) 4.3. Chromosomal restriction-hybridization techniques 4.3.1. Ribotype analysis 4.3.2. IS200 4.4. Locus-spec...

A novel human leukocyte antigen-B (HLA-B) allele, B*420502, was identified in a patient with leukemia (Caucasoid, Czech ancestry) and his mother during intrafamily search for the hematopoietic stem cell donor. The novel allele was initially detected by HLA typing at low resolution using both sequence specific primers and sequence specific oligonucleotides techniques that resulted in unique reac...

Chlamydia abortus, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the most common infectious cause of abortion in small ruminants worldwide and has zoonotic potential. We applied multilocus sequence typing (MLST) together with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to genotype 94 ruminant C. abortus strains, field isolates and samples collected from 1950 to 2011 in diverse geogra...