The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of colored lenses on visual attributes related to sports activities. The subjects were 24 students (11 females, 13 males; average age 21.0 ±1.2 years) attending a sports university. Lenses of 5 colors were used: colorless, light yellow, dark yellow, light gray, and dark gray. For each lens, measurements were performed in a fixed order: contras...

Epithelial cell appearance and cell size were studied in intact, unfixed, and unstained human lenses. Ten normal and 24 cryoextracted senile or presenile cataractous lenses, all with subcapsular cataract, were examined. The cell size of the transparent normal lenses showed little variation. However, in the cataractous lenses, a wide range was found in mean cell size of different lenses and vari...

Contact lens correction of astigmatism is reviewed. According to literature data, rigid gas permeable lenses are the lenses of choice in correction of irregular and high astigmatism. The crucial advantage of rigid gas permeable lenses is clear vision and stable correction of astigmatism. Soft toric lenses ensure quick adaptation and comfort. The most prominent disadvantage of soft toric contact...

Lens axicons, i.e., lenses or lens systems designed to work like axicons, can be a simple and inexpensive way of generating the characteristic axicon focal line. In the design of most lens axicons, only on-axis properties have been considered. We present the design of a lens axicon with improved off-axis characteristics. It is constructed from a singlet lens but with a double-pass feature that ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to evaluate patients' visual acuity, symptoms, and perceptions of vision-related quality of life in a randomized crossover clinical trial of overnight corneal reshaping (OCR) and daily wear soft lenses (SCL). METHODS Qualified subjects were randomly assigned to wear one mode of contact lens for 8 weeks and then, after a washout period, they wore the alte...

Sand fences made of punched steel plate (PSP) have recently been applied to control wind-blown sand in desertified and Gobi areas due their strong wind resistance convenient situ construction. However, few studies assessed the protective effect PSP fences, especially through field observations. This study analyzes effects double-row on using observations a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) num...

To extend soft x-ray microscopy to a resolution of order 10 nm or better, we developed a new nanofabrication process for Fresnel zone plate lenses. The new process, based on the double patterning technique, has enabled us to fabricate high quality gold zone plates with 12 nm outer zones. Testing of the zone plate with the full-field transmission x-ray microscope, XM-1, in Berkeley, showed that ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the repeatability of power profiles measured on NIMO TR1504 (Lambda-X, Belgium) and investigate the effects of lens decentration on the power profiles for single vision (SV), bifocal (BF) and multifocal (MF) contact lenses. METHODS Accuracy of the sphere power was evaluated using single vision BK-7 calibration glass lenses of six minus and six plus powers. Three SV and fou...

We demonstrate that oil immersion lenses with a semi-aperture angle >/= 74 degrees enable 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscopy of type A with 1 photon excitation. The axial sidelobes amount to < 50 % of the main diffraction maximum, implying that lobe induced artifacts can be removed from the image data. The advancement reported herein enables a relative inexpensive implementation of 4Pi micros...

It is shown that both single exposure and double exposure two-wavelength holography provide a good method of using visible light to obtain an interferogram identical to what would be obtained if a longer nonvisible wavelength were used. Both techniques provide for the real-time adjustment of defocus and tilt in the final interferogram. When both hologram exposures are made simultaneously, the s...