Abstract Diverse processes leading to doubled haploid (DH) plant production, such as microspore embryogenesis, gynogenesis, and distant hybridization followed by genome elimination, are based on the unique ability of cells form embryos without fertilization. All these possible because various in vitro culture systems that enable growth development tissues or single outside parental organism. Th...

Androgenesis in vitro is a basic method of obtaining haploid plants and DH (doubled haploid) lines major crops such as potato, rapeseed, tomato, pepper, wheat, maize, barley, also many different minor species with lower agricultural impact. Diploid appearing among androgenic regenerants are the effect spontaneous doubling chromosome number cells during an embryo’s early developmental stages val...