This study investigates the effect of thermal modification, ThermoWood Thermo-D treatment versus no treatment, on embedment properties Norway spruce timber (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) with dowel-type fasteners. The test specimens were reinforced to prevent splitting wood. influence density, load direction, specimen configuration (full hole half hole), moisture content, gauge points and calculatio...

This paper presents a mechanical model of the shear resistance based on Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT) and its application for checking ultimate state self-stressed elements reinforced with FRP bars. The force, which is transmitted through inclined crack by aggregate interlock, residual tensile strength, dowel action chord compression concrete, calculated depending value opening, determined...