Anthropogenically induced climate change is of great current interest because of increases in atmospheric loading of infrared active (greenhouse) gases over the past 150 years and the inferred resultant increase in infrared radiation flux in the troposphere. However the climate change ascribed to such increases, not to mention predictions of future climate change in response to prospective chan...

Since 2001 output from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction global weather forecast system (GFS) has been routinely processed to produce single column profiles at locations corresponding to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sites. In the present study, GFS forecast was examined and compared with ARM observations at the Southern Great Plain Central Facility for the...

• A low-rank method is used to compute a closure in radiative transfer simulations. The discontinuous Galerkin for spatial discretization implemented. proposed scheme preserves the computational efficiency and mass conservation. Dynamical (DLR) approximation methods have previously been developed time-dependent radiation transport problems. One crucial drawback of DLR that it does not conserve ...

The purpose of this paper is to put forward a new estimate, in the context of previous assessments, of the annual global mean energy budget. A description is provided of the source of each component to this budget. The top-ofatmosphere shortwave and longwave flux of energy is constrained by satellite observations. Partitioning of the radiative energy throughout the atmosphere is achieved throug...

Shortwave solar radiation is an important component of the surface energy balance and provides the principal source of energy for terrestrial ecosystems. This paper presents a machine learning approach in the form of a random forest (RF) model for estimating daily downward solar radiation flux at the land surface over complex terrain using MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) r...

Abstract This study examines the dominant heatwave variability over North America (NA), extracted from an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of summertime monthly warm extreme index anomalies 1959–2021. The principal mode features a dipole structure with large area anomaly northwestern NA and opposite sign southern U.S. corresponding component is associated large-scale atmospheric wav...

Operational ground-based measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) do not adequately explain spatial variability in mountainous terrain. To address this problem, we combine satellite-based retrievals of fractional snow cover for the period 20 0 0 to 2011 with spatially distributed energy balance calculations to reconstruct SWE values throughout each melt season in the Sierra Nevada of Califor...