Interlocking nailing is a common surgical operation to stabilize fractures in long bones. One of the difficult parts of the surgery is how to locate the position and direction of a screw hole on the interlocking nail, which is invisible to the naked eye after insertion of the nail into the medullary canal. Here, we propose a novel two-stage targeting process using two passive magnetic devices t...

This paper presents the application of neuro-fuzzy approach for modelling tool life, torque and thrust force in drilling operation for set of given process parameters, namely cutting speed, feed rate and drill diameter. The proposed approach uses a hybrid-learning algorithm i.e., combination of the back-propagation gradient descent method and least squares method, to identify premise and conseq...

The 'Veria operation' is a new technique for cochlear implantation. It is a non-mastoidectomy technique and uses the endaural approach for the cochleostomy and a direct tunnel drilled through the supero-posterior bony canal wall for the electrode. Two special instruments have been developed for this technique: a special perforator for the drilling of the direct tunnel and a safety electrode for...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tunnel enlargement phenomenon after ACL reconstructions performed with hamstrings tendons fixed using the cross pin technique. Sixty-two knees in 62 patients were followed for two years to evaluate the possible clinical implications of the femoral and tibial tunnel enlargements noted after ACL reconstruction. The reconstructions were done with hamstring...

For the past three decades the quantity of petroleum (both oil and oil plus gas) found per foot of drilling effort in the United States for any given year can be expressed as a secular decrease of about 2 percent per year combined with an inverse function of drilling effort for that year. Extrapolation of energy costs and gains from petroleum drilling and extraction indicates that drilling for ...

The interaction between friction and vibration is a widely recognised source of inefciency in all mechanical systems. The nature of this interaction is very dependent on the dynamic environment and its control requires a detailed understanding of the mathematical structure governing the stability of this environment. Although the fundamental causes of friction-induced intermittent motion have b...

this investigation presents the effect of various parameters on foam stability and its rheological properties. the underlying idea of this experiment is generating of drilling foam with uniform bubbles. the main problem of foam using is controlling its stability during field application. the most important parameters which cause instability in foam are gravity drainage, gas diffusion and bubble...

A comprehensive technical analysis of available industry-reported well activity and production data for Alberta in 2011 has been used to derive flaring, venting, and diesel combustion greenhouse gas and criteria air contaminant emission factors specifically linked to drilling, completion, and operation of hydraulically fractured natural gas wells. Analysis revealed that in-line ("green") comple...

Because neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery often require the drilling of bones, this paper attempts to solve the problem of bone drilling. The goal is to realize a control system, which is able to drill with a contact drilling force and can automatically stop drilling at the moment of breaking through. In particular, both the de drilling mntor control and the feed rate control are driven by fo...

Bone drilling is widely used in orthopaedics and surgery; it is a technically demanding surgical procedure. Recent technological improvements in this area are focused on efforts to reduce forces in bone drilling. This study focuses on forces and a torque required for conventional and ultrasonically-assisted tool penetration into fresh bovine cortical bone. Drilling tests were performed with two...