In herbalism, botanical supplements are commonly believed to be safe remedies, however, botanical supplements and dietary ingredients interact with transport and metabolic processes, affecting drug disposition. Although a large number of studies have described that botanical supplements interfere with drug metabolism, the mode of their interaction with drug transport processes is not well descr...

A 10-week inpatient study was performed to evaluate cocaine, codeine, and metabolite disposition in biological matrices collected from volunteers. An initial report described drug disposition in plasma, sebum, and stratum corneum collected from five African-American males. This report focuses on drug disposition in hair and sweat collected from the same five subjects. Following a three-week was...

Since the development of effective chemotherapy for children with cancer, it has been recognized that the response of children to apparently identical therapy, both in terms of efficacy and toxicity, can vary widely. Our understanding of the interindividual differences in drug metabolism and disposition as significant determinants of drug response continues to evolve. An increasing area of clin...

Boredom proneness is commonly assessed and measured using self-report scales and questionnaires. The only full-scale measure of boredom that has been extensively used to assess boredom proneness is the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS) (Farmer and Sundberg, 1986). BPS takes boredom proneness to be the tendency to experience boredom in a wide range of situations (Farmer and Sundberg, 1986). Although...

Nanotherapeutics utilize the properties of nanomaterials to alter pharmacology drugs and therapies being transported, leading changes in their biological disposition (absorption, distribution, cellular uptake, metabolism elimination) ultimately, pharmacological effect. This provides an opportunity optimize drugs, particularly for those that are dependent on hepatic action. Old age is associated...

Venlafaxine (VEN), a drug used in the treatment of depression, undergoes significant first-pass metabolism after oral dosing to O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), a metabolite with comparable therapeutic activity to that of parent drug. The pharmacokinetic disposition of VEN was characterized using a "first-pass" model that incorporates a presystemic compartment (liver) to account for the first-pass...