The aim of this study was to determine the geographical distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes/subtypes among people who inject drugs (PWID) recruited at 22 needle exchange sites and drug outpatient services in all seven Planning and Statistical Regions of Hungary. Of 198 such PWID, 147 (74.2%), 45 (22.7%) and six (3.0%) carried genotype 1, 3 or 4, respectively, and 31 (72.1%) of the 43 ge...

Most new cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the developed world are associated with injection drug use. However, treatment for people who inject drugs (PWID) is controversial, as successful treatment risks being followed by new infection. Reinfection after sustained virologic response has been reported, but is the risk so great that treatment should be withheld from this large HCV p...

INTRODUCTION Studies have explored whether spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection decreases the likelihood of reinfection or increases the probability of clearance. This analysis investigates whether the conflicting findings from these studies could be due to differences in frequency of HCV RNA testing. METHODS A model simulated the dynamics of HCV reinfection and clearanc...

Liver dysfunction in patients with hyperthyroidism includes abnormalities associated with the effects of thyroid hormone excess, those secondary to drug-induced liver injury, and changes resulting from concomitant liver disease. Our goal was to describe clinical, biochemical, and histopathological patterns in patients suffering from hyperthyroidism and concomitant liver dysfunction and to propo...

We report a novel association between the commonly used antimalarial medication atovaquone/proguanil and drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis. The patient developed severe liver disease fulfilling biochemical, immunologic, and histologic criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis after the inadvertent rechallenge with the offending drug, which had caused self-limited hepatitic symptom...

Hepatitis E is endemic in many developing countries where it causes substantial morbidity. In industrialised countries, it is considered rare, and largely confined to travellers returning from endemic areas. However, there is now a growing body of evidence that challenges this notion. Autochthonous hepatitis E in developed countries is far more common than previously recognised, and might be mo...

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 296 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Approximately 15–25% of these develop complications such as advanced chronic liver diseases (ACLDs). Mortality due HBV-related accounted for 882,000 deaths in 2019. Potent preventive vaccines have already restricted new HBV infections, and several drugs availa...

Medicinal herbs, defined as preparations concocted by an unauthorized layperson [1], are used widely in Asian countries because they are easily available and are believed to be harmless. Despite this belief, hepatitis, and even fulminant hepatitis, associated with medicinal herbs has been reported. According to previous reports, drug-induced liver injury accounts for 2~40% of all liver injury [...

Development of more effective hepatitis C (HCV) antivirals has been rapid. The addition of orally administered medications that target the virus (direct acting antivirals [DAA]) to pegylated interferon and ribavirin have dramatically increased sustained virologic response rates in genotype 1-infected patients. However, the side effect profile remains challenging and the dosing schedule complica...