Self-reported drug use is a principle measure in the evaluation of treatment outcome. As there have been concerns about the accuracy of self-reporting, it is necessary to establish its validity by an objective method. The aim of the study was to examine the concordance between urinary cotinine concentrations and self-reported tobacco use among drug dependents seeking treatment at National Drug ...

BACKGROUND In Vietnam, like many countries in Southeast Asia, the commonly used approach of center-based compulsory drug treatment (CCT) has been criticized on human rights ground. Meanwhile, community-based voluntary methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been implemented for nearly a decade with promising results. Reform-minded leaders have been seeking empirical evidence of the costs and ...

There is evidence of the growth of substance consumption throughout the world. However, there continues to be a broad gap between the scope of the problem and the use of preventive and treatment services. This situation is particularly acute near the border between Mexico and the United States, where drug use and availability are greater. Funding was obtained in both countries to conduct a feas...

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of and potential risk factors for HIV-1 infection among drug users visiting drug treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. DESIGN Cross-sectional quantitative study. METHODS Between October 2003 and May 2004, drug users who visited three public drug treatment centers in Tehran were interviewed and information about their sociodemograph...

BACKGROUND There is little research of psychiatric comorbidity differences among people with different types of drug dependence in Chinese population. We explored demographic and comorbid psychiatric differences among methamphetamine- dependent males (MDs), heroin-dependent males (HDs) and methamphetamine and heroin co-dependent males (M/HDs) in Hunan province, China. METHODS A cross-sectiona...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by blood-borne pathogen, hepatitis C virus (HCV). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HCV infection and associated risk factors among addicts in drug treatment centers in Lorestan Province, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional sero-behavioral survey was given to drug addicts in the drug trea...