Antibiotics are widely used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in medicine veterinary medicine, as well growth stimulants animal husbandry. The presence residual traces antibiotics products, further food products derived from it, poses a danger to both humans environment whole. irrational use agriculture stimulates emergence antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can cause anim...

The aging process in cats and dogs is mainly influenced by genetics, nutrition, and the environment to which the animals are submitted, among other factors. Animal development is associated to changes in the physiological and metabolic systems; however, such changes are not completely elucidated in companion animals (Hayek and Davenport, 1998). As animal’s age, the intestinal microbiota and mor...

Prescription stimulant abuse has dramatically increased over the past 10 years, but the amount of research regarding college students and illicit prescription stimulant use is still very limited. This has important implications for college mental health professionals and higher education administrators. In this comprehensive literature review the author explores factors contributing to illicit ...

Salmonella outbreaks in humans are often linked with the consumption of contaminated eggs. Therefore a profound knowledge of the actual prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying hens and the factors that influence the presence and persistence of Salmonella on a farm is of utmost importance. The housing of laying hens in conventional battery cages will be forbidden in the European Union (EU) from ...

Among the different classes of banned substances, stimulants represent the second largest class of use in sports. The article focuses on the description of the four mainly abused stimulants: caffeine, ephedrine, amphetamines and cocaine, their pharmacological structure and mechanisms of action, their effects and consequences on athletic performance. As athletes represent role models for healthy...

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent in prison populations, but optimal treatment recommendations in prison are uncertain. Stimulants are problematic because of the potential for abuse. This article is a review of medication options for ADHD, focusing on the α2 agonists clonidine and guanfacine, which, in their extended-release (ER) forms, are U.S. Food and Drug Administ...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease. It affects multiple body organs. The lungs and pancreas are the most affected which results in progressive lung damage and pancreatic insufficiency. Due to the disease process, CF patients require significantly higher caloric intake than recommended for other individuals. The nutritional goal for CF patients is to achieve normal growth and...

advances in understanding the neurobiology of addiction to stimulants, has made it possible for researchers to identify medicines effective in initiation of treatment and prevention of stimulants relapse, based on pharmacological effects of various medicine. some of these medicine and vaccines have brought promising results in clinical trials on cocaine dependent patients. studies regarding met...

P demonstrated stimulants are the mainstay of treatment in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with effect sizes of 0.8-1.1 (Pliszka & AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues, 2007). Stimulants have been used since the 30s. They are very effective and generally very safe. Yet, parents are usually reluctant to put their kids on stimulants for a multitude of concerns. Sorely, inadequate ps...