We and others have recently demonstrated by immuno-EM and mutation analysis that two oocyte-restricted maternal effect genes, PADI6 and MATER, localize, in part, to the oocyte cytoplasmic lattices (CPLs). During these ongoing studies, however, we found that the localization of these factors by confocal immunofluorescence (IF) analysis can vary dramatically depending upon how the oocytes and emb...

Thoracic Epidurals: Anatomic Explanation Central neuraxial block has a low incidence of major complications, many of which resolve within 6 months. During attempts to insert a spinal needle into the lumbar subarachnoid space, patients occasionally experience paresthesia, with a reported incidence of 13.6%. Neurologic complications, including spinal cord injury, may arise during administration o...

s of the Satellite Meeting on Powder Diffraction of the XV Congress of the IUCr, Toulouse, France, (1990). 39. Th. Proffen and S. J. L. Billinge, “PDFFIT, a program for full profile structural refinement of the atomic pair distribution function”, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 32, 572 (1999). 40. A. A. Coelho, TOPAS V2.0: General profile and structure analysis (2000). 41. G.S. Pawley “Unit Cell Refineme...

RATIONALE Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare condition, characterized by a chronic fibrosing inflammatory process usually involving either the intracranial or spinal dura mater, but rarely both. Here, we report a rare case of IHP affecting both the intracranial and spinal dura mater. We also discussed the diagnosis, management, and outcome of IHP. PATIENT CONCERNS We revi...

PURPOSE Spinal surgery in a previously irradiated field carries increased risk of perioperative complications, such as delayed wound healing or wound infection. In addition, adhesion around the dura mater is often observed clinically. Therefore, similar to radiation-induced fibrosis--a major late-stage radiation injury in other tissue--epidural fibrosis is anticipated to occur after spinal radi...

OBJECTIVE To reinvestigate the innervation pattern of the dura mater of rat and human middle cranial fossa, the morpho-functional substrate of headache generation, and adjacent extracranial tissues with neuronal in vitro tracing. BACKGROUND This study was initiated by recent structural and functional findings of meningeal afferent fibers which innervate the cranial dura mater and may project ...

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We introduce a 15 cm, 26-gauge spinal needle (Steriseal Ltd, Redditch) through a standard Tuohy needle (9·6 cm, 16-gauge) which has its tip in the epidural space. Once the dura has been punctured the spinal needle is only really held in place by the dura. It is therefore quite difficult to attach the syringe of local anaesthetic and then inject without inadvertently placing the tip of the spina...

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the inoculation with Aspergillus terreus and/or Trichoderma longibrachiatum on fermentation, chemical and microbiological composition of elephant grass ‘Cameroon’ silage (Cenchrus purpureus). Treatments were A. at 105 colony forming units (CFU)/g (AT15), T. CFU/g (TL20), a mixture both (MIX), control group without (CONTR). design completely randomized seve...

With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-week-old rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-ol...