There is substantial evidence on the advantages of using crumb rubber in enhancing conventional bitumen properties, gaining environmental protection and boosting industrial-economical benefits. Thus, the use of this ingenious additive in bitumen modification through sustainable technology is highly advocated.The main objective of this research is to investigate the effects of different blending...

The main function of a pavement is to distribute the traffic-induced load over its different layers. While flexible design methods are based on linear elastic calculation, real behavior layers highly non-linear and elastic. They can also, in some cases, be plastic viscous. This research aims develop three-dimensional numerical model that closely similar test FWTT conditions. will have geometry ...

Wheel roughness measurements available from several different campaigns are presented in terms of average levels and dispersion. The dependence on factors such as brake type and whether the wheel is powered or trailing is also addressed. A method to decide how many wheels from a train are to be measured is then presented. Finally, the main outcomes are described from a round robin test aimed at...

Tesicon, one of the commercially available 'silicone rubber' lenses, was used in the correction of aphakic patients. In 74% of cases the lenses were considered successful for a daily wear regimen by the patient. Furthermore, a small number of patients could wear this lens without interruption for 3 to 6 days at a time. Despite this good acceptance by patients, corneal problems (mainly staining)...

The authors investigated the effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on wheel-running behavior in Balb/c mice. Naloxone delayed the acquisition of wheel-running behavior, but did not reduce the expression of this behavior once acquired. Delayed acquisition was not likely a result of reduced locomotor activity, as naloxone-treated mice did not exhibit reduced wheel running after the behavior wa...

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of voluntary wheel running on the positive reinforcing effects of heroin in rats with an established history of drug self-administration. Methods: Rats were assigned to sedentary (no wheel) and exercise (wheel) conditions and trained to self-administer cocaine under positive reinforcement contingencies. Rats acquiring cocaine self...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of voluntary wheel running on the positive reinforcing effects of heroin in rats with an established history of drug self-administration. METHODS Rats were assigned to sedentary (no wheel) and exercise (wheel) conditions and trained to self-administer cocaine under positive reinforcement contingencies. Rats acquiring cocaine self...

High densities in bunker silos minimize losses and reduce storage costs; however, the guidelines to attain high densities are based on relatively little research. The objective of this study was to determine those practices or factors most correlated with bunker silo density. Density was measured in 175 bunker silos across Wisconsin using core samples collected at chest height (1.13 m, 3.70 ft,...

BACKGROUND In an attempt to decrease injuries, newer forms of artificial turf have been marketed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a new shredded rubber-based turf improves impact attenuation. METHODS An instrumented computerized impact recording device (IRD, Techmark, Lansing, MI) was dropped 20 times from a height of 48 inches onto five types of turf used by a professional...