This paper discusses different possibilities to reduce primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions by increasing the energy efficiency of an integrated process plant. Firstly, possible opportunities for heat saving inside a mill were analyzed. After that, optional uses for the recovered amount of heat were identified. The effects of change were then evaluated. The primary evaluation criteria w...

A freeze-drying method enabling solubilization of hydrophobic species in aqueous solutions of native hyaluronan is described. The method is based on opening the access to supposed hydrophobic patches on hyaluronan by disturbing its massive hydration shell. Hydrophobic and/or polarity-sensitive fluorescence probes were used as hydrophobic models or indicators of interactions with hydrophobic pat...

This paper deals with the experimental control of an infrared drying process of a water based epoxyamine painting. This approach is based on a unidirectional diffusional modelling of infrared drying phenomena where both heat and mass transfers under shrinkage conditions are accounted for. The control problem is concerned with the tracking of any given trajectory for one of the characteristics (...

Aim of the present study was to characterize the process of atomization and drying of layer-by-layer emulsions containing lecithin (single layer emulsion) and lecithin/chitosan (multilayer emulsion) and the oxidative stability of the spray-dried emulsions during storage. For this purpose, the analysis of the emulsion spray droplet size during atomization by two different atomization devices, i....

The objectives of this work were to develop a new technique for lycopene microencapsulation by spray drying using dehumidified air as drying medium and to determine optimum operating conditions. A two-step optimization procedure was used. The encapsulation variables were selected in accordance with the PlackettBurman experimental design and were further optimized via response surface methodolog...

There are various aspects that must be considered when drying small fruits, whether for the food or nutraceutical and functional food industries. Fruits with a waxy skin, such as blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.), and cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are the focus of this discussion. These fruits have each been implicated to offer heal...

Studies were made to determine how long Douglas-fir pollen remains viable after suspension in cool water from 0 to 34 days. Linear regression analysis of in vivo and in vitro tests indicated that filled seed efficiency and pollen viability, respectively, decreased about 3 percent per day. The relation may have been nonlinear the first 6 days, as little decrease occurred during that time. An in ...

thin layer drying of russian olive (elaeagnusan gastifolial l.) fruit using a hot air dryer in order to calculate effective moisture diffusivity, activation energy and energy consumption has been evaluated in this article. the selected variables included three levels of air velocity of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 m/s and three air temperature levels of 50, 60 and 70°c. increased air temperature increased ef...

a mixed solar dryer with a specific mechanism to vary the tilted angle of collector, is utilized to fulfill all tests. the efficiency of the dryers is low because of various reasons such as heat loss of air in an open flow circuit. getting air back toward the air inlet of dryer can increase the efficiency of dryer and decrease drying process period. a new mechanism considered for dryer which co...

Drying of solid particles is generally divided into three periods: a short initial heating period, a constant drying rate period, and a falling drying rate period. Drying in a fixed under various drying conditions was experimentally studied. The main goals of the measurements were to calculate the heat transfer coefficient based on the measured values, and to evaluate the validity of the consta...