The quantized Dirac field is known, by a result of Fewster and Verch, to satisfy a Quantum Weak Energy Inequality (QWEI) on its averaged energy density along time-like curves in arbitrary four-dimensional globally hyperbolic spacetimes. However, this result does not provide an explicit form for the bound. By adapting ideas from the earlier work, we give a simplified derivation of a QWEI for the...

Article history: Received 12 February 2009 Accepted after revision 2 February 2010 Available online 6 March 2010 Presented by Gérard Iooss

Solar energy represents one of the most abundant and yet least harvested sources of renewable energy. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in developing photovoltaics that can be potentially mass deployed. Of particular interest to cost-effective solar cells is to use novel device structures and materials processing for enabling acceptable efficiencies. In this regard, here, we re...

We would like to thank the DEXA 2002 Workshop General Chair (Professor Roland Wagner) and the organizing committee of the 13th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2002) for their support and their cooperation. Many thanks go to Ms. Gabriela Wagner for providing a great deal of assistance. We are very indebted to all program committee members and external r...

Faced with the increasingly serious energy and environmental crisis in the world nowadays, the development of renewable energy has attracted increasingly more attention of all countries. Solar energy as an abundant and cheap energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. While high-performance solar cells have been well developed in the last couple of decades, the high module cos...

This paper investigates the nutritional regulation of glycogen concentration in skeletal muscle of sheep and cattle following exercise, with particular emphasis on a comparison between these species. Four experiments are summarized, indicating a clear relationship between metabolizable energy (ME) intake and rate of muscle glycogen repletion following exercise. Sensitivity to ME intake appeared...

power from solar energy using ture low-cost, high-efficiency, and scalable nano eas, such as, renewable energy -wires (1D) or thin films (2D) of LED based solar cell are

This paper solves the long-standing problem of establishing the fundamental physical link between the radiative transfer theory and macroscopic electromagnetics in the case of elastic scattering by a sparse discrete random medium. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is derived directly from the macroscopic Maxwell equations by computing theoretically the appropriately defined so-called Poynti...

Solar thermal fuels (STF) store the energy of sunlight, which can then be released later in the form of heat, offering an emission-free and renewable solution for both solar energy conversion and storage. However, this approach is currently limited by the lack of low-cost materials with high energy density and high stability. In this Letter, we present an ab initio high-throughput computational...

It is pointed out that the previous energy-momentum tensors of Minkowski and Abraham for the electromagnetic field in continuous media are based on a covariant formulation which does not reflect a symmetry inherent to the system. Instead, taking into account the intrinsic invariance under Lorentz transformations involving the reduced speed of light in such a medium, a compact and fully consiste...