Homogeneous preparations of phage T7 gene 4 protein catalyze the hydrolysis of dNTPs and rNTPs to NDPs and Pi in the presence of single-stranded DNA. Synthesis on single-stranded DNA by T7 DNA polymerase (DNA nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) does not affect the hydrolysis of NTPs by the gene 4 protein. Gene 4 protein does not catal...

The NMR solution structure of the A.T rich DNA 14-mer duplex d(ATACATGGTACATA).d(TATGTACCATGTAT) is reported. This is compared with the NMR structure of the same duplex intrastrand cross-linked at the d(G*pG*) site by cis-(Pt(NH3)2¿2+, derived from the anticancer drug cisplatin. The unmodified duplex has B-DNA geometry, but there is a large positive base-pair roll (roll angle 24 +/- 2 degrees) ...

BACKGROUND Temporal artery (TA) biopsy is the current standard for diagnosing temporal arteritis, but has limited sensitivity. Colour duplex ultrasonography is a newer, non-invasive method of diagnosing temporal arteritis. METHODS A systematic review was performed of trials comparing TA biopsy with duplex ultrasonography. Duplex results (halo sign, stenosis or vessel occlusion) were compared ...

In-band full-duplex (FD) communications have been optimistically promoted to improve the spectrum utilization and efficiency. However, the penetration of FD communications to the cellular networks domain is challenging due to the imposed uplink/downlink interference. This paper presents a tractable framework, based on stochastic geometry, to study FD communications in cellular networks. Particu...

A stable complex between duplex DNA and an oligonucleotide is assembled with the aid of a DNA synthetic mimic, peptide nucleic acid (PNA). Homopyrimidine PNAs are known to invade into short homopurine tracts in duplex DNA forming P-loops. We have found that P-loops, formed at two closely located purine tracts in the same DNA strand separated by a mixed purine-pyrimidine sequence, merge and open...

Vaccinia virus DNA polymerase catalyzes duplex-by-duplex DNA joining reactions in vitro and many features of these recombination reactions are reprised in vivo. This can explain the intimate linkage between virus replication and genetic recombination. However, it is unclear why these apparently ordinary polymerases exhibit this unusual catalytic capacity. In this study, we have used different s...

Reaction intermediates formed during the degradation of duplex DNA by the recBC DNase have been characterized by sedimentation velocity, isopyknic centrifugation, electron microscopy, and susceptibility to various deoxyribonucleases which are specific for single-stranded DNA. It has been concluded that the intermediates are of two classes: (a) duplex molecules with single-stranded tails of seve...

Double-stranded RNAs are an important class of functional macromolecules in living systems. They are usually found as part of highly specialized intracellular machines that control diverse cellular events, ranging from virus replication, antiviral defense, RNA interference, to regulation of gene activities and genomic integrity. Within different intracellular machines, the RNA duplex is often f...

Duplex and Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) systems are used when a high-level of reliability is desired. Real-Time Systems for autonomous critical missions need such degrees of reliability, but energy consumption becomes a dominant concern when these systems are built out of high-performance processors that consume a large budget of electrical power for operation and cooling. Examples where ene...