M durable products cannot be used without a contingent consumable product, e.g., printers require ink, iPods require songs, razors require blades, etc. For such products, manufacturers may be able to lock in consumers by making their products incompatible with consumables that are produced by other firms. We examine the effectiveness of such a strategy in the presence of strategic consumers who...

Durables such as cars or houses are a substantial component in the balance sheets of households. These durables are exposed to risk and can be insured in the market. We build a dynamic model in which the agent decides jointly about the size of the durable stock, the stock of a risk-free asset and insurance. This allows us to understand the importance of three di¤erent ways to cope with the risk...

– The large popularity of web services and applications makes their performance very critical. Reducing the latency of retrieve web pages has become a real challenge. Caching is widely used for this purpose. Web caching is a well-known strategy for improving performance of Web-based system by keeping web objects that are likely to be used in the near future close to the client. Most of the curr...

This paper investigates the efficiency of innovation investment in durable goods monopoly under a threat of entry. It is well known that the durability causes time inconsistency to the durable goods monopolist, which in turn provides a competitive pressure. When entry threat exists, the durability of the product endows the monopolist with the power to deter entry since the current sales alter t...

How big are government spending multipliers? A recent litererature has argued that while government spending multipliers may be small on average, they might be much larger during recessions when there is greater economic slack. However, this simple intuition ignores the significant heterogeneity of spending captured in aggregate GDP. Even if aggregate GDP responds more to fiscal shocks during r...

Attaining durable peace after a civil war has become a major challenge, as many negotiated settlements relapse into violence. How can civil war negotiations be conducted and peace agreements formulated so as to contribute to lasting, durable peace? Previous research has focused on the durability of peace agreements, measured as the absence of violence. This study develops an index to measure du...

the subject of geometry and proportions has been regarded as an issue which has a close relationship with architecture. since the entire universe, living beings and the human geometry can be seen clearly, that’s why our unconscious essence has accustomed to these proportions whereby reflection of this mentality can be seen in the architect’s hands and thought in the architecture. it can witness...

ego identity defined as a fundamental element of a person and as self-continuum, mental andinward image that an individual has about him or herself. this subject investigated in contemporary world, amply.for actualizing and testing this concept, four bases including achievement, moratorium, foreclosure and diffusionintroduced and based on this framework, and the effect of different factors on e...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of biodegradable polymer drug eluting stents with those of bare metal stents and durable polymer drug eluting stents. DESIGN Mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of 258,544 patient years of follow-up from randomized trials. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION PubMed, Embase, and Central were searched for randomized trials comparing any of the Fo...