Mechanical loading has been shown to affect cell viability and matrix maintenance in the intervertebral disc (IVD) but there is no investigation on how cells survive mechanical stress and whether the IVD cells perceive mechanical loading as stress and respond by expression of heat shock proteins. This study investigates the stress response in the IVD in response to compressive loading. Bovine c...

the flow stress of steel depends significantly on microstructural changes taken place during hot deformation processes. in hot deformation processes, the flow stress of steel is influenced by two main metallurgical phenomena, i.e. recovery and recrystallization, along with its chemical composition and thermo-mechanical parameters. the final mechanical properties of steel are also determined by ...