In ALMA Memo 321, Plambeck points out that saturation (gain compression) is likely to be a significant factor limiting the calibration accuracy of ALMA observations. In this memo, saturation by broadband noise and CW signals is analyzed for representative SIS receivers operating at different frequencies. Many SIS mixers in current use are expected to exhibit a significant degree of gain compres...

I present ALMA, a Fortran 90 program for computing the tidal and the loading “Love numbers” of a spherically symmetric, incompressible, viscoelastic planet, using the Post–Widder Laplace inversion formula. Knowledge of the Love numbers is required in various geophysical applications, ranging from modeling of glacial isostatic adjustment to the study of the response of the Earth to the gravitati...

In this paper, we report on the design and experimental results of a fix-tuned Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) mixer for Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 8 (385-500GHz) receivers. Nb-based SIS junctions of a current density of 10kA/cm and one micrometer size (fabricated with a two-step lift-off process) are employed to accomplish the ALMA receiver specifica...

This memo describes the plans for the development of the prototype 183 GHz radiometers for ALMA. It is planned that such radiometers will be used to correct for the phase errors introduced by water vapour in the atmosphere. One radiometer will be mounted on each of the antennas and will provide real-time measurements of the brightness temperature of the atmosphere at frequencies near the 183 GH...

A high frequency, low power 1:16 deserializer has been developed using the 0.25μm BiCMOS SiGe technology from ST Microelectronics to meet the ALMA project requirements. The input shift register is clocked at 4 GHz and the output data are transferred at 250 MHz. Nominal operation has been observed up to 8 GHz. With 2.5 V supply, the circuit dissipates around 650 mW an especially low value compar...

The surface density of populations of galaxies with steep/shallow source counts is increased/decreased by gravitational lensing magnification. These effects are usually called ‘magnification bias’ and ‘depletion’ respectively. However, if sources are demagnified by lensing, then the situation is reversed, and the detectable surface density of galaxies with a shallow source count, as expected at...

Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM 17874 is capable of utilizing n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging from that of decane (C10H22) to that of tetracontane (C40H82) as a sole carbon source. Two genes encoding AlkB-type alkane hydroxylase homologues, designated alkMa and alkMb, have been shown to be involved in the degradation of n-alkanes with chain lengths of from 10 to 20 C atoms in this strain. Her...

We p rovide here a computational interpretation of rst-order logic based on a constructive interpretation of satisability w.r.t. a xed but arbitrary interpretation. In this approach the formulas themselves are programs. This contrasts with the so-called formulas as types approach in which the proofs of the formulas are typed terms that can be taken as programs. This view of computing is inspire...

We investigate the possibility to find evidence for planets in circumstellar disks by infrared and submillimeter interferometry. Hydrodynamical simulations of a circumstellar disk around a solar-type star with an embedded planet of 1 Jupiter mass are presented. On the basis of 3D radiative transfer simulations, images of this system are calculated. These intensity maps provide the basis for the...

AIM This was a randomized single blinded study to determine optimal size for Ambu®LMA (ALMA) among Malaysian adult population. METHODS One hundred and twenty six non-paralyzed anaesthetized adult patients were block randomized into size 3, 4 and 5 Ambu®LMA. Optimal size is defined primarily by oropharyngeal pressure (OLP). Pharyngeal injury and ease of insertion are also taken into considerat...