This paper presents an improved earth pressure method that considers the capacity of a wall toe to carry load predict connection loads GRS segmental walls constructed with cohesionless backfills on competent foundations. In this method, response surface model (RSM) lateral coefficient replaces Coulomb active coefficient. The parameters RSM were determined from numerical studies impacts restrain...

The complex analytic methods have found a wide range of applications in the study of multiplicity-free representations. This article discusses, in particular, its applications to the question of restricting highest weight modules with respect to reductive symmetric pairs. We present a number of multiplicity-free branching theorems that include the multiplicity-free property of some of known res...

Tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. The predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. The commonly used Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

The timing and origin of volatile elements accretion on Earth has been continues to be key questions, despite intense research scrutiny. Two end-member scenarios are usually proposed in which (1) were delivered during the main phases Earth’s underwent subsequent core–mantle differentiation, or (2) accreted from largely dry volatile-depleted material, with late addition volatile-rich material af...

The design of retaining walls depends on the magnitude of active pressure exerted from the backfill. Therefore, estimating the scale of this pressure is a fundamental factor in the design. In this study, to assess the active earth pressure, a rigid retaining wall was built capable of translating and/or rotating with adjustable speed. Further, several physical tests were conducte...

Abstract The determination of the earth pressure coefficients (K) in geotechnical engineering is one most critical procedures designing retaining walls. However, theories are made for either clay or sands, where c-ϕ soils least analysed. In this paper, an analysis drained mixed based Mazindrani and Ganjali (J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 123:110–112, 1997) theory was carried out. Earth generally used...

This paper describes the laterally confined consolidation of an Israeli clay following compaction and swelling on wetting, including measurement lateral stresses. The results tests are compared to those obtained during from initially slurried condition. In comparing compression expansion indices relative vertical, mean stress, it was found that they varied, depending initial, preparation condit...

For culverts installed in soft soil, the rigid composite pile foundation is used for soil treatment, and stresses around are complicated. Centrifuge experiments numerical simulations conducted to investigate vertical earth pressures settlement over a slab culvert under high backfill foundations treated with piles. The influences of lateral length spacing on at top analysed, they have significan...