trade secrets has an important role in economic growth and development of economic competition. however ,one of the challenges in this sphere is the emergence of economice spionag. increasing growth of economic espionage causes to emerge a new phenomenon which is called information terrorism. so the mechanism of protection of the trade secretsincivil and criminal law is necessary for economic g...

This paper develops a continuous-time two-sector model to study the economic e ects of an import quota during the period of time over which it is imposed. One of the sectors is protected by a quota, which in our setup manifests itself as an integral constraint on the ow of imports of the protected commodity. In sharp contrast to the existing literature, our small open economy exhibits distinctl...

On the Bilateral Trade Effects of Free Trade Agreements between the EU-15 and the CEEC-4 Countries The expansion of regionalism has spawned an extensive theoretical literature analysing the effects of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on trade flows. In this paper we focus on FTAs (also called European agreements) between the European Union (EU-15) and the Central and Eastern European countries (CEE...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. The paper evaluates the South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFT...

The few existing empirical studies of U.S.-Japan trade agreements have relied primarily on descriptive statistics or univariate time series methods. We conduct a more powerful test by evaluating agreements in the context of well-specified econometric models. Consistent with trade theory, import demand is modeled as a cointegrating relationship with income and relative price variables, where a t...

We examine interaction between goods trade and market power in domestic trade and distribution sectors. Theory suggests a linkage between service-sector competition and goods trade, one supported by econometrics involving imports of 22 OECD countries vis-à-vis 69 exporters. This points to linkages between market access conditions for goods and the structure of the service sector. Competition in...

This paper examines the effects of trade openness on the optimal incentives firms provide to their managers (and hence firm-level productivity) in the new heterogeneous-firm trade framework. Export market selection and firm heterogeneity are shown to be the key determinants of firm owners’ optimal choices of the incentive contracts, which affect the cost-reduction efforts of their managers. I s...

We examine the interaction between trade in goods and market power in domestic trade and distribution sectors. Theory suggests a linkage between service-sector competition and goods trade, one supported by econometrics involving import patterns of 21 OECD countries. This points to significant linkages between effective market-access conditions for goods and the structure of the service sector. ...

D uring the past few decades, national security plays a central role in the process of economic development. Also, foreign investment and trade have rapidly increased worldwide and have enhanced economic growth in developing countries. Although foreign investment and trade bring huge economic benefits, many developing countries fear that by opening up markets to competition and forei...