Prediction accuracy of pharmacokinetic parameters is often assessed using prediction fold error, i.e., being within 2-, 3-, or n-fold of observed values. However, published studies disagree on which fold error represents an accurate prediction. In addition, "observed data" from only one clinical study are often used as the gold standard for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) studies, des...

I propose a theory of the passive that combines aspects of the principles and parameters analysis (no specific rules, no downward movement) and Chomsky’s (1957) Syntactic Structures analysis (the arguments in the passive are generated in the same positions as they are in the active).

A large number of molecular mechanisms exist to ensure the continued function of perturbed cells. Here we explore a range of mechanisms of molecular robustness. A theory of robustness is proposed in which mechanisms are classified into those that purge damage, and those that buffer damage. The strategy upon which a system settles, is a function of the cost of purgation, and thereby a function o...

Thas paper presents the desagn of a fuzzy usage parameter controller (FUPC) for ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks The usage parameter control (UPC) as here based on a dual leaky bucket (DLB) mechanasm, wath parameters of token generatzon rate and token pool saze. In FUPC, we further e m p l o y parameters of token-change rate and anterarnval tame of zncomzng cells as znput languastac va...

? This article aims to analyse the importance of the Wikipedia articles in different languages (English, French, Russian, Polish) and the impact of the importance on the quality of articles. Based on the analysis of literature and our own experience we collected measures related to articles, specifying various aspects of quality that will be used to build the models of articles importance. For ...

This paper concerns the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters in a time-dependent linear transport equation from knowledge of angularly averaged measurements performed at the boundary of a domain of interest. We show that the absorption coefficient and the spatial component of the scattering coefficient are uniquely determined by such measurements. We obtain stability resul...

In this paper, we analyze the robustness of an economic-demographic projection model emphasizing the macroeconomic impact of age-structured savings and consumption behavior. The parameters varied are saving and labor force participation rates (two of the key sources of uncertainty in the social security policy debate) and the parameters of the production function (the key source of uncertainty ...

Invasive species cause serious environmental and economic harm and threaten global biodiversity. We set out to investigate how quickly invasive plant species are currently spreading in China and how their resulting distribution patterns are linked to socio-economic and environmental conditions. A comparison of the invasive plant species density (log species/log area) reported in 2008 with curre...

A via is experimentally characterized by using highfrequency s-parameter measurements. Test patterns are designed and fabricated by using a package process. They are measured by using VNA (vector network analyzer) up to 25GHz. The parasitic effects due to access lines for on-wafer probing are deembedded. Then modeling the via as two equivalent circuits (Ttype and Pi-type), the circuit model par...