Control of rodent pests worldwide relies heavily on the use of rodenticides. In the 40s’, O’Connor (1948) isolated and first suggested the use of dicoumarol (a naturally occurring substance responsible for the “sweet clover disease” in cattle) as a rodenticide. In the early 50s’, anticoagulant rodenticides (warfarin and later indane-dione derivatives) replaced the acute poisons with great succe...

The meaning of alternative biotests is described and discussed. The paper also deals with the possible application of the developmental studies of the sea Artemia franciscana nauplinus. Five-day biotests including the validation criteria are described. The possibilities of the biotests are very wide. Additionally to the standard applications in ecotoxicology, there is a possibility of modelling...

1 Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture & Environment of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2 School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; 3 Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; 4 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and ...

Pesticides commonly occur in aquatic systems and pose a substantial challenge to the conservation of many taxa. Ecotoxicology has traditionally met this challenge by focusing on short-term, single-species tests and conducting risk assessments based on the most sensitive species tested. Rarely have ecotoxicology data been examined from an evolutionary perspective, and to our knowledge, there has...

Gene expression analysis is changing the way that we look at toxicity, allowing toxicologists to perform parallel analyses of entire transcriptomes. While this technology is not as advanced in aquatic toxicology as it is for mammalian models, it has shown promise for determining modes of action, identifying biomarkers and developing "signatures" of chemicals that can be used for field and mixtu...

Prediction of pulsed or intermittent exposure effects on populations is emerging as an important issue in ecotoxicology. However, the underlying theory of the dose-response models has not been tested rigorously enough to provide a true understanding for predicting the effects of pulsed exposures. Since its introduction, the individual effective dose (IED) theory has remained the dominant explan...

Rainer Brüggemann , Kristina Voigt *, Guillermo Restrepo , Ute Simon e a Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany b GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Biomathematics and Biometry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany c Laboratorio de Quı́mica Teórica, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia d Universi...

david j. bird, sabine duquesne, steeg d. hoeksema, william j. langston and ian c. potter Department of Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK, Department of System Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany, Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Biology and Biotechnol...

a Chair of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany. b Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea. c Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of ...

Physiologically based toxicokinetic [(PBTK), or alternatively referred to as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)] models are quantitative descriptions of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals in biota. PBTK models are increasingly being used as an effective tool for designing toxicology experiments and for conducting extrapolations essential for risk assessme...