‎‎let $g=(v,e)$ be a simple graph‎. ‎an edge labeling $f:eto {0,1}$ induces a vertex labeling $f^+:vtoz_2$ defined by $f^+(v)equiv sumlimits_{uvin e} f(uv)pmod{2}$ for each $v in v$‎, ‎where $z_2={0,1}$ is the additive group of order 2‎. ‎for $iin{0,1}$‎, ‎let‎ ‎$e_f(i)=|f^{-1}(i)|$ and $v_f(i)=|(f^+)^{-1}(i)|$‎. ‎a labeling $f$ is called edge-friendly if‎ ‎$|e_f(1)-e_f(0)|le 1$‎. ‎$i_f(g)=v_f(...

‎A set of vertices $S$ of a graph $G$ is called a fixing set of $G$‎, ‎if only the trivial automorphism of $G$ fixes every vertex in $S$‎. ‎The fixing number of a graph is the smallest cardinality of a fixing‎ ‎set‎. ‎The fixed number of a graph $G$ is the minimum $k$‎, ‎such that ‎every $k$-set of vertices of $G$ is a fixing set of $G$‎. ‎A graph $G$‎ ‎is called a $k$-fixed graph‎, ‎if its fix...

A edge 2-rainbow dominating function (E2RDF) of a graph G is a ‎function f from the edge set E(G) to the set of all subsets‎ ‎of the set {1,2} such that for any edge.......................

A transitive orientation of an undirected graph is an assignment of directions to itsedges so that these directed edges represent a transitive relation between the vertices ofthe graph. Not every graph has a transitive orientation, but every graph can be turnedinto a graph that has a transitive orientation, by adding edges. We study the problem ofadding an inclusion minimal set ...

For any prime power q ≥ 3, we consider two infinite series of bipartite q–regular edge–transitive graphs of orders 2q and 2q which are induced subgraphs of regular generalized 4–gon and 6–gon, respectively. We compare these two series with two families of graphs,H3(p) andH5(p), p is a prime, constructed recently by Wenger ([26]), which are new examples of extremal graphs without 6– and 10–cycle...

We find a natural construction of a large class of symmetric graphs from pointand block-transitive 1-designs. The graphs in this class can be characterized as G-symmetric graphs whose vertex sets admit a G-invariant partition B of block size at least 3 such that, for any two blocks B,C of B, either there is no edge between B and C , or there exists only one vertex in B not adjacent to any verte...

The graphs play an important role in our daily life. For example, the urban transport network can be represented by a graph, as the intersections are the vertices and the streets are the edges of the graph. Suppose that some edges of the graph are removed, the question arises, how damaged the graph is. There are some criteria for measuring the vulnerability of graph; the...

A construction is given of a valent arc transitive graph with vertex stabilizer isomorphic to the dihedral group D The graph has vertices and is the rst known example of a valent arc transitive graph with nonabelian vertex stabilizer A VALENT HALF ARC TRANSITIVE GRAPH

It is known that humans form non-transitive preferences. We propose to model human preferences as a complete weighted directed graph where nodes are objects of preference, and an edge leading from one node to another has weight equal to the probability that the destination node will be preferred (or chosen) from the pair connected by the edge. We also propose that the most preferred object(s) m...