BACKGROUND There is limited reliable information on abortion in Iran, where abortion is illegal and many women of reproductive age seek clandestine abortion to end their unintended pregnancy. This study aims to examine the determinants of induced abortion in the city of Hamedan, Iran. METHODS The study utilizes recent data from the 2015 Hamedan Survey of Fertility, conducted in a representati...

BACKGROUND The use of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPMs) has not kept step with that of short-acting methods such as oral pills and injectable in Africa. This study explores the association between women's awareness, attitude and barriers with their intention to use LAPMs among users of short term methods, in Southern Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study design of mi...

As comprehensive sex education curricula have been promoted in the schools, clinics have been established to provide teens greater access to birth control information and devices. Proponents cite studies that supposedly demonstrate the effectiveness of these clinics on teen sexual behavior. Yet a more careful evaluation of the statistics involved suggests that school-based health clinics do not...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the sociocultural aspects involved in the decision-making process of vaccination in upper-class and highly educated families. METHODS A qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews with 15 couples from the city of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, falling into three categories: vaccinators, late or selective vaccinators, and nonvaccinators. The interpretation of produced...

Kaiser Permanente (KP) has been on the forefront of educating providers and members about emergency contraception (EC) since 1996, even before a dedicated product was available. EC is up to 89% effective and is exceedingly safe for all women at risk for an unintended pregnancy. Despite awareness efforts, EC has remained underutilized. Recognizing this fact, recommendations were made by a Califo...

Gender has become a central concept in the social sciences as a marker of the social and cultural elaboration of sexual difference and of power relations. In some disciplines however, its relevance has been more difficult to establish; this is notably the case for historical demography, as research has only recently made use of the connection between gender and demographic processes.1 This is r...

India’s fertility transition is driven by major fertility declines among women who are illiterate. Consequently, the earlier emphasis on women’s education and socio-economic conditions as determinants of fertility decline is shifting to research on the study of reciprocally initiated positive contributions of fertility decline to the improvement of the health of women and children. This analysi...

We find that black female nurses earn 9 percent more at the mean and median than white female nurses, even when controlling for selection into nursing employment, using the 2004 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSRN). Typically, recent research examining the female black/white wage gap among the general population finds that the gap widens when controlling for selection. Our findin...

Although industrial and product designers are keenly aware of the importance of design aesthetics, they make aesthetic design decisions largely on the basis of their intuitive judgments and "educated guesses". Whilst ergonomics and human factors researchers have made great contributions to the safety, productivity, ease-of-use, and comfort of human-machine-environment systems, aesthetics is lar...

Using a hazards framework and panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979-2004), we analyze the fertility patterns of a recent cohort of white and black women in the United States. We examine how completed fertility varies by women's education, differentiating between intended and unintended births. We find that the education gradient on fertility comes largely from unintend...