This study applied design research in designing a mobile-device-supported interactive writing platform (ePoetry Zone, ePZ) for elementary EFL learners in collaborative creation. In the first iteration essential supports needed in interactive writing were identified and became the design foundation of the mobile interactive writing platform (ePZ). In the second iteration, ePZ was developed and t...

By means of the metaphoric language used by parents and young English as a foreign language (EFL) learners to describe the English learning process, this study aims to reveal the perceptions of 109 young EFL learners in the 8th grade of secondary school and 66 parents in Turkey about learning English. To elicit these participants’ metaphors, they were asked to complete the gaps in the sentence ...

To determine whether expiratory muscle fatigue (EMF) is involved in regulating operating lung volumes during exercise, nine recreationally active subjects cycled at 90% of peak work rate to the limit of tolerance with prior induction of EMF (EMF-ex) and for a time equal to that achieved in EMF-ex without prior induction of EMF (ISO-ex). EMF was assessed by measuring changes in magnetically evok...

Little is known about the influence of language background in problem-based learning (PBL) tutorial groups on group processes and students’ academic achievement. This study investigated the relationship between language background, secondary school score, tutorial group processes, and students’ academic achievement in PBL. A validated tutorial group effectiveness questionnaire was administered ...

The number of obese patients referred to our laboratory for pulmonary function tests is increasing: sleep breathing disorders, unexplained effort dyspnea, evaluations before surgical procedures are the main problems we are expected to cope with. In some patients with normal FEV1 and FEV1/VC values, we have observed an overlap between the tidal volume expiratory flow and the maximal forced expir...

Although persistent activation of the inspiratory muscles and narrowing of the glottic aperture during expiration have been indicated as relevant mechanisms leading to dynamic hyperinflation in acute asthma, expiratory flow limitation (EFL) has recently been proposed as a possible triggering factor for increasing endexpiratory lung volume (EELV). To establish whether the attainment of maximal f...

BACKGROUND Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) by negative expiratory pressure (NEP) testing, quantified as the expiratory flow-limited part of the flow-volume curve, may be influenced by airway obstruction of intrathoracic and extrathoracic origins. NEP application during tidal expiration immediately determines a rise in expiratory flow (V) followed by a short-lasting V drop (deltaV), reflecting ...

this study explored the relationship between efl (english as a foreign language) teachers’ emotional intelligence (ei) and their students’ motivational attributes. additionally, it investigated the contribution of efl teachers’ ei to students’ motivational factors. to these ends, 30 efl teachers were selected through convenience sampling from language institutes in najaf-abad, and were asked to...

Syntactic complexity as an indicator in the study of English learners’ language proficiency has been frequently employed in language development assessment. Using the Syntactic Complexity Analyzer, developed by Lu (2010), this article collected data representing the syntactic complexity indexes from the writing of Chinese non-English major students and from the writing of proficient users of En...