BACKGROUND Although vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in the community, only a few population-based studies have measured serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) levels during pregnancy and in newborns. Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to pregnancy complications, as well as hypocalcaemia and rickets in the newborn. Here, the authors report third-trimester maternal and newborn-serum 2...

While only four globally important rotavirus G serotypes (1 to 4) have been documented, many studies suggest that serotype G9 viruses may be widely distributed and more important than previously recognized. We have evaluated 10 serotype G9 rotavirus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to VP7, which bound by direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to P1A[8], G9 rotaviruses F45, WI61, and ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of dark ground microscopy (DGM) and treponemal serological tests in the diagnosis of primary (PS) and secondary (SS) syphilis. METHODS A retrospective case note review of patients with early syphilis who attended our department between January 2001 and December 2002. Data were collected on demographics, results of treponemal serology and DGM. RESULTS 50 indivi...

We used PCR assays to determine the etiology of genital ulcers in patients presenting to a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Dakar, Senegal, and evaluated the ability of two PCR tests (groEL and recD) and two serological tests (adsorption enzyme immunoassay [EIA] and lipooligosaccharide [LOS] EIA) to detect current Haemophilus ducreyi infection. We found that in this population, H. ducreyi...

Glucocorticoids play a key role in mediating stress responses in vertebrates. Corticosterone (CORT) is the main glucocorticoid produced in amphibians, birds, and reptiles, and regulates several metabolic functions. The most common methods for quantifying CORT are competitive binding immunoassays: radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RIA has been broadly used since the 1980’s but...

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The aim of this paper is to propose a rigorous and complete design framework for complex system based on system engineering (SE) principles. The SE standard EIA-632 is used to guide the approach. Within this framework, two aspects are presented. The first one concerns the integration of safety requirements and management in system engineering process. The objective is to help designers and engi...

The clinical observation has been made that there might be an unacceptable number of false-positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test results for IgM among persons suspected of having coccidioidomycosis. Patients with a positive result for IgM by EIA are thought to have a diagnosis of acute coccidioidomycosis. However, this study found that 82% of patients with an IgM-positive and IgG-negative EIA ...

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is the name used to describe the transitory increase in airways resistance which follows vigorous exercise in most patients with asthma [1). EIA has been recognized since ancient times, but the first modem clinical description was given by JoNES et al. [2] of Liverpool, UK in 1962. Exercise is acknowledged by many paediatricians to be the most common cause for an a...

We propose a distortion-corrected integral imaging (II) 3D display system based on lens array holographic optical element (LAHOE). The LAHOE is used as projection screen. beam of the parallel light. Hence, consists spatial light modulator, reverse lens, relay element, and telecentric lens. acquired data reconstructed image II are symmetrically related to each other. Therefore, there distortion ...