Mountain glaciers sample a combination of climate fields – temperature, precipitation and radiation – by accumulation and melting of ice. Flow dynamics acts as a transfer function that maps volume changes to a length response of the glacier terminus. Long histories of terminus positions have been assembled for several glaciers in the Alps. Here I analyze terminus position histories from an ense...

Hypsometry (frequency distribution of elevations) is often used to characterize landscape morphology, traditionally in the context of the degree of fluvial dissection. Recently, the hypsometry of glaciated regions has been used to infer how rates of glacial erosion compare with tectonic uplift rates. However, many factors other than tectonics can also exert a major influence on the hypsometry o...

Sponsored by Tie Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General for Science, Research, and Development INSERM—Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Tie Biomedical Optics Society ELA—The European Laser Association EOS—The European Optical Society S8LM—La Societe Beige de Laser Medical SFLM—La Societe Frangaise des Lasers Medicaux SPIE—The International Society fo...

In this paper, block distance matrices are introduced. Suppose F is a square block matrix in which each block is a symmetric matrix of some given order. If F is positive semidefinite, the block distance matrix D is defined as a matrix whose (i, j)-block is given by D ij = F ii +F jj −2F ij. When each block in F is 1 × 1 (i.e., a real number), D is a usual Euclidean distance matrix. Many interes...

It is well known that positive linear systems have differences in the concepts and characterizations of the structural properties of reachability and controllability. In this paper, the reachability indices of a positive system are defined and consequently they are studied. For that, a canonical form of the reachability indices is given by positive similarity. From that canonical form, it is es...