Hierarchical routing architecture partitions the whole network in to a group of cluster and only cluster head is responsible for forwarding the data to base station. In this work, we have considered the concept of heterogeneity as in Stable Election Protocol (SEP). In heterogeneous environment, a percentage of the population of sensor nodes is equipped with additional energy resources—this is a...

The distributed computing systems, predominantly computing and computer based systems generally tolerate changes which are not desired, in their internal structure or external environment in regular working which can be referred to as faults. A Fault may be an operational fault or design fault. The techniques to tolerate the fault are used to make a system fault tolerable. Checkpointing is a te...

The approach of the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) to good laboratory practice (GLP) inspections in the context of authorization of medicinal products is illustrated with particular reference to the EMEA's experience as a receiving authority (RA), the procedures it has in place for the reporting and follow-up of GLP inspections, and the role of the ad hoc GLP inspectors working group. Other k...

Battery power is an important resource in ad hoc networks. It has been observed that in ad hoc networks, energy consumption does not reflect the communication activities in the network. Many existing energy conservation protocols based on electing a routing backbone for global connectivity are oblivious to traffic characteristics. In this paper, we propose an extensible on-demand power manageme...

the purpose of this research was to study the university students’ attitudes towards the performance of sport associations of tehran state universities. the research was a descriptive, survey and field study and was categorized as an applied research based on its aim as well. the statistical population (using yaman formula) consisted of 120 members of sport associations and 385 non-members. the...

Neoliberalism has become a key object of analysis in human geography in the last decade. Although the words neoliberal and neoliberalism have been around for a long while, it is only since the end of the 1990s that they have taken on the aura of grand theoretical terms. 'Neoliberalism' emerges as an object of conceptual and empirical reflection in the process of restoring to view a sense of pol...

On November 28, 2009, as part of events marking the twenty-fifth anniversary of the disaster at the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, gas survivors protested the contents of the report prepared by government scientists that mocked their complaints about contamination. The survivors shifted from the scientific document to a mediated lunch invitation performance, purporting to serve the same chemica...

I present a model in which high and low income voters must decide between continuing with a status quo policy or switching to a different policy, which is more redistributive. Under the status quo policy, low income voters may get an opportunity for upward social mobility. However, such opportunities are expected to arise infrequently, so these voters actually prefer the more redistributive pol...

This article locates the frequent call for public participation in the governance of technology within a theory of democratic representation. The article examines several modes of representation—symbolic, formal, delegate, trustee, and descriptive—in light of their potential contribution to a democratic theory of publicly representative technology. Publicly representative technology depends on ...

Does increasing Internet access and use challenge authoritarian elections? I argue that provides both opposition supporters government authorities with new means to shape electoral conduct. Opposition can the report on malpractice mobilize for support. At same time monitor antiregime sentiment prior elections disrupt selectively repress regime opponents during elections. Studying Uganda’s 2016 ...