In an election year, political messaging can become feisty or even violent. In the 2012 U.S. presidential election, Americans were inundated with statements that metaphorically referred to violence, such as “Romney slams Obama” and”Romney slaughtered Obama.” Such expressions grab our attention and resonate with our understanding of actual physical violence. Despite their frequent use in electio...

We analyze an election in which voters are uncertain about which of two alternatives is better for them. Voters can, however, acquire some costly information about the alternatives. As the number of voters increases, individual investment in political information declines to zero. However, the election outcome is likely to correspond to the interest of the majority if the marginal cost of infor...

The economic sphere of society in the United States is a highly competitive environment, within which there clash various interest groups seeking to influence political decision-making order ensure most favorable business conditions for themselves. purpose study consider lobbying as tool sectors States. To achieve this goal, it necessary solve following tasks: analyze features US environment; l...

In 2013, Japan experienced its first Internet election campaign in history. This essay attempts to analyze political moves in the campaign within the framework of strategic maneuvering developed by Frans H. van Eemeren. Different approaches were found between major and minor parties. An opposition party increased its seats with the effective use of the Internet. With the analysis, the authors h...

The Federal Election Commission (FEC) (formally created in 1974 when Congress amended the Federal Election Campaign Act) is charged with the burdensome role of administering and enforcing federal election laws. Comprised of six voting commissioners, the FEC by law can have no more than three members of the same political party and in practice is balanced between three voting Democrats and three...

This study examined college students’ use of online media for political purposes in the 2008 election. Social media attention, online expression, and traditional Internet attention were assessed in relation to political self-efficacy and situational political involvement. Data from a Web survey of college students showed significant positive relationships between attention to traditional Intern...

In IAVoSSWorkshop On Trustworthy Elections (WOTE 2006) two papers depicted “Punchscan”, a hybrid paper-electronic voting protocol invented by David Chaum. The scheme is verifiable and effective, but it is managed by a single Election Authority, which must be trusted with voters’ privacy: the Election Authority holds secret information that allows to link a vote from the final bulletin board wit...

Inclement weather on election day is widely seen to benefit certain political parties at the expense of others. Empirical evidence for this weather-vote share hypothesis is sparse however. We examine the effects of rainfall and temperature on share of the votes of eight political parties that participated in 13 national parliament elections, held in the Netherlands from 1971 to 2010. This paper...

The purpose of this research was to analyze municipality’s actions and steps towards planning leisure time of the citizenries, with an emphasis on recreational activities. 384 people from 1.269.810 (citizenries over 15 years of age, municipality managers and authorities and physical education authorities of city of Isfahan) were selected as samples by using Cochran formula. The data is collec...