Random walk theory is applied to the motion of electrons in the early stage of breakdown of helium in an electric field. Details of inelastic and elastic interactions are based on integral and differential cross section data. The concept of mean free time is extended to include the effect of acceleration between collisions due to the electric field. The relaxation of electron energy distributio...

[1] Analytical and numerical models of the radio frequency emissions produced by relativistic runaway electron avalanches initiated by cosmic ray extensive air showers are presented. It is found that single-point measurements of the distant electromagnetic fields allow the remote determination of the electrostatic field in the runaway electron avalanche region. For instance, it is possible to u...

InAlAsLlnGaAs MODFETs have achieved record high-frequency and low-noise performance. They are promising candidates for applications in microwave and lightwave communication systems. Their main weakness, however, has been their low breakdown voltage (BV) which severely limits their applications. Considerable work has focussed on improving BV of these devices. Recently, BV up to 10 V has been dem...

We show that atmospheric electric fields may affect the cosmic ray observations in several ways and may lead to an overestimation of the cosmic ray energies. The electric field in thunderclouds can be as high as a few kV/cm. This field can accelerate the shower electrons and can feed some additional energy into the shower. Therefore, ground array observations in certain weather conditions may o...

In response to the requests of recent years for electronic devices that are smaller, lighter, thinner and consume less power, Fuji Electric has concentrated on the field of power supply ICs and has been developing smart power technology. To increase the packing density and reduce on-resistance of the switching devices integrated into a power IC, Fuji Electric has been producing and has verified...

The low-frequency breakdown problem in electric field integral equation (EFIE) has been well recognized and extensively studied. State of the art methods for solving this problem either reformulate the integral equations or introduce a different set of basis functions. The solution to the original full-wave EFIE with the Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG)-basis remains unknown at breakdown frequencies. T...