The in-process changes of weld nugget growth during the Resistance Spot Welding were investigated based on the resistance of input electrical impedance. To compute the time varying resistance of input electrical impedance, the welding voltage and current signals are measured simultaneously and then converted into complex-valued signals by using Hilbert transform. Comparing with the dynamic cont...

A new mathematical model for the bulk electrical impedance of human skin is presented. In particular this model describes the impedance of skin during surface functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) with square stimulation pulses. Experimental data are presented that illustrate the nonlinear dynamic properties of human skin during current and voltage controlled stimulation. Model predictions...

the well-known electro-mechanical analogy that equates current, voltage, resistance, inductance and capacitance to force, velocity, damping, spring constant and mass has a shortcoming in that mass can only be used to simulate a capacitor which has one terminal connected to ground. a new model that was previously proposed by the authors that combines a mass with a pulley (mp) is shown to simulat...

The low-temperature asymptotic expressions for the Casimir interaction between two real metals described by Leontovich surface impedance are obtained in the framework of thermal quantum field theory. It is shown that the Casimir entropy computed using the impedance of infrared optics vanishes in the limit of zero temperature. By contrast, the Casimir entropy computed using the impedance of the ...

We evaluate the effect of ions on the electric response of an insulting liquid by means of the total electric polarization induced in a cell by an external field. The limiting surfaces are assumed blocking and identical and the ions pointike nonpolarizable charged particles. The analysis is limited to the case where the selective ionic adsorption is absent, in such a manner that in the absence ...

Pure cobalt coatings were electrodeposited on copper substrate by means of direct electric current in a chloride solution at different current densities in the range of 10-70 mA cm -2 . The surface morphology and microstructure were investigated via X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion behavior of cobalt coatings was also studied in a 3.5 wt% NaCl soluti...