in this article, the linear array (with 20 elements in the horizontal orientation) of microstrip antenna is examined with horizontal polarization. the set includes three microstrip substrates. there is a power network in two lower substrates and microstrip patches in the upper substrate. excitation of patches has been done as coupled through the power network in two lower substrates. using the ...

Topology control is an efficiency method that can extend the network lifetime in a wireless sensor network. There are several researches involve the topology control problem. In this paper, we design an energy-efficient topology control algorithm both take into consider with topology construction and count infinity problem. In the topology construction, we build a reliable topology to reduce th...

one of the big concerns of big cities is facing with the increase of fossil fuel vehicles in the roads. the cars intensify greenhouse gas emission in civic centers. one approach to reduce the emission is replacing the cars by plug-in electric vehicles (pevs). in spite of reducing the emission, pevs have some adverse effect on electric distribution networks. technical challenges such as load and...

Wireless power transfer using a magnetic field through inductive coupling is steadily entering the market in a broad range of applications. However, for certain applications, capacitive wireless power transfer using electric coupling might be preferable. In order to obtain a maximum power transfer efficiency, an optimal compensation network must be designed at the input and output ports of the ...

Electric power grids are presently being integrated with sensors that provide measurements at high rates and resolution. The abundance of sensor measurements, as well as the added complexity of applications trigger a demand for cyber-physical system (CPS) modeling and simulation for evaluating the characteristics of appropriate network fabrics, timing profiles and distributed application workfl...

This article reviews different kinds of models for the electric power grid that can be used to understand the modern power system, the smart grid. From the physical network to abstract energy markets, we identify in the literature different aspects that co-determine the spatio-temporal multilayer dynamics of power system. We start our review by showing how the generation, transmission and distr...

We study the effect of the geometry and topology of a scalar-tensor cosmic string space-time on the electric and magnetic fields of line sources. The influence of the dilaton field both on electric and magnetic self-forces is quite remarkable in the region near the defect, where their behavior is inverted as compared to the far region.

The large number of automobiles in use around the world has caused and continues to cause serious problems of environment and human life. Air pollution, global warming, and the rapid depletion of the earth’s petroleum resources are now serious problems. Electric Vehicles (EVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) have been typically proposed to replace conven...

Several access schemes have been suggested for dual-bus network topology, e.g., DQDB [32], Fasnet [37], CRMA [41], and Simple [36]. It is therefore important to provide various services in this type of networks. This paper addresses the issue of guaranteeing the timely delivery of isochronous (real-time) messages with hard deadlines in slotted dual-bus networks. We propose a slot allocation sch...

This article presents a computer-aided integration tool, iCAD, that can predict a network evolution. We have used the term a network evolution to mean predicting changes within the physical network topology as time evolves. iCAD is connected to four device libraries, each of which contains a distinct set of network-technology devices, such as Ethernet hubs, ATM switches, IP routers, and gateway...