Calcium sparks in cardiac myocytes are brief, localized calcium releases from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) believed to be caused by locally regenerative calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) via couplons, clusters of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). How such regeneration is terminated is uncertain. We performed numerical simulations of an idealized stochastic model of spark production, assuming ...

In this paper, the crack phenomenon of different materials was studied according to surface morphology recasting layer micro EDM workpiece. high-speed steel and titanium alloy are used as workpiece materials, RC pulse power supply is for electric discharge machining. The profile recast examined by scanning electron microscopy. difference between two in spark machining analyzed. Finally, some im...

The spark advance determines the efficiency of spark-ignited (SI) engines by positioning the combustion in relation to the piston motion. Today’s spark-advance controllers are open-loop systems that measure parameters that effect the sparkadvance setting and compensate for their effects. Several parameters influence the best spark-advance setting but it would be too expensive to measure and acc...

This paper reports the results of a study into the effectiveness of the SPARK toolset for showing the absence of run-time errors in safety-critical Ada software. In particular, the toolset is examined to determine how effective it is in finding run-time errors in a SPARK program, and how much of the process of proving freedom from run-time errors can be performed automatically. The study identi...

This paper deals with highlighting the improvisations in the working of a two-wheeled four stroke internal combustion engines. The efficiency of these small engines were enhanced with increased power output just by increasing the number of fuel igniting element i.e. Spark Plug. Conventional engines employed a single spark plug in its engine for igniting the mixture of fuel and air. But to have ...

The ef®ciencies of methods employed in solution of building simulation models are considered and compared by means of benchmark testing. Direct comparisons between the Simulation Problem Analysis and Research Kernel (SPARK) and the HVACSIM‡ programs are presented, as are results for SPARK versus conventional and sparse matrix methods. An indirect comparison between SPARK and the IDA program is ...

Most points-to analysis research has been done on different systems by different groups, making it difficult to compare results, and to understand interactions between individual factors each group studied. Furthermore, points-to analysis for Java has been studied much less thoroughly than for C, and the tradeoffs appear very different. We introduce SPARK, a flexible framework for experimenting...

J.M. Lehr, C.E. Baum, W.D. Prather and F.J. Agee High Energy Sources Division, Phillips Laboratory Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117 The Air Force is interested in compact ultra-wideband systems which utilize a minimum volume of high pressure gas. These desires lead us to look closely at single channel spark gaps, because both the size and volume of gas, for example, hydrogen, under pressure can b...

Spark-assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion may be a method to improve the operation of HCCI engines. In the current study, the impact of spark assist on the fundamental properties of ignition and combustion was investigated in a single cylinder, optically-accessible research engine. Early port fuel injection and air preheating were used with indolene fuel in the st...

Apache Spark is an execution engine that besides working as an isolated distributed, in-memory computing engine also offers close integration with Hadoop’s distributed file system (HDFS). Apache Spark's underlying appeal is in providing a unified framework to create sophisticated applications involving workloads. It unifies multiple workloads, handles unstructured data very well and has easy-to...