The technlque of scannlng electrochemical mlcroscopy (SECM) Is descrlbed. I n thls technlque the electrolysls current that flows as an ultramicroelectrode tlp (diameter ca. 10 gm) Immersed In a soiutlon Is moved above a substrate surface is used to characterize processes and structural features of the substrate. Modes of Operation consldered Include collectlon modes, where products electrogener...

We used an equivalent noise (EN) paradigm to examine how the human visual system pools local estimates of direction across space in order to encode global direction. Observers estimated the mean direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise of vertical) of a field of moving band-pass elements whose directions were drawn from a wrapped normal distribution. By measuring discrimination thresholds for ...

Custom 450 stainless steel and AM 350 are both precipitation hardening steels, which widely used in a variety of aerospace applications. The former exhibits very good corrosion resistance with moderate strength, whereas the latter is for applications requiring high strength along resistance. In this study, behavior CUSTOM steels passivated (a) citric acid (b) nitric solutions 50 75 min at 49 70...

Discussed are recent developments in biocomputing, outlining research progress from single enzyme-logic operations to systems of scaled-up complexity. Examples of specific logic operations are presented and strategies for system optimization to suppress the spread of noise in enzyme-logic networks are discussed. Special attention is given to electrochemical signal-transducing nanobiointerfaces,...

We report the design and development of a friction force microscope for high-resolution studies in electrochemical environments. The design choices are motivated by the experimental requirements of atomic-scale friction measurements in liquids. The noise of the system is analyzed based on a methodology for the quantification of all the noise sources. The quantitative contribution of each noise ...