A number of voluminous, fine-grained, friable deposits have been mapped on Mars. The modes of origin for these deposits are debated. The feasibility for an origin by volcanic airfall for the friable deposits is tested using a global circulation model to simulate the dispersal of pyroclasts from candidate source volcanoes near each deposit. It is concluded that the Medusae Fossae Formation and E...

Tephra dispersed during the Millennium eruption (ME), Changbaishan Volcano, NE China provides one of the key stratigraphic links between Asia and Greenland for the synchronization of palaeoenvironmental records. However, controversy surrounds proximal-distal tephra correlations because (a) the proposed proximal correlatives of the distal ME tephra (i.e. B-Tm) lack an unequivocal chronostratigra...

The Kalmakyr deposit in Uzbekistan is one of the world’s largest gold-rich porphyry Cu deposits, and mineralization was proposed to be closely associated with emplacement latest intrusive phases, that is, granodiorite porphyry. However, it still unclear which features these ore-bearing intrusions are crucial for enormous metal enrichment how they correlate magmatic fertility. In this study, we ...

Local structural property of an image is often considered in image enhancement with various high/low pass filters. Spatial association indexes (autocorrelation, covariance, and variogram) have been commonly used to characterize the local structure of surfaces for data interpolation in kriging. Singularity is another index measuring the scaling invariant property of measures from a multifractal ...

Volcanic rocks along the Panama Canal present a world-class opportunity to examine the relationship between arc magmatism, tectonic forcing, wet and dry magmas, and volcanic structures. Major and trace element geochemistry of Canal volcanic rocks indicate a significant petrologic transition at 21-25 Ma. Oligocene Bas Obispo Fm. rocks have large negative Nb-Ta anomalies, low HREE, fluid mobile e...

Identification of sea-level proxies is important for reconstruction of past sea-level variation. Methods for reconstructing Holocene relative sea-level curves are crucial for quantification of the impact of Greenland ice thickness variation on global sea level and vertical land movement. Arctic beach ridges constitute important potential archives of sea-level variation. However, their surface m...

The lack of fossil tetrapod bearing deposits in the earliest Carboniferous ('Romer's Gap') has provoked some recent discussions regarding the proximal cause, with three explanations being offered: environmental, taphonomic, and collection failure. One of the few, and earliest, windows into this time is the locality of Blue Beach exposed in the Tournaisian deposits at Horton Bluff lying along th...

Plant macrofossils and pollen play complementary roles in paleoecology. Each has its own advantages and shortcomings. Used separately, they provide valuable information about past vegetation. Used together, the two types of data can corroborate or, occasionally, challenge each other, and they can provide more detailed and refined understanding of past vegetation at multiple spatial scales. In t...

OBJECTIVE To assess clinicopathological characteristics of lupus nephritis patients with scanty immune deposits. METHODS The data of patients with scanty immune deposits lupus nephritis were retrospectively analyzed. Plasma ANCA and complement components were detected. RESULTS Among 316 cases with renal biopsy-proven lupus nephritis, 40 cases were diagnosed as scanty immune deposits. There ...

However, in the case of deposits, the situation is more complex. At least two kinds of deposits should be distinguished: transferable deposits (“money”) and non-transferable deposits (“financial capital”). This is necessary because the services provided are different in both cases. Services provided in connection with “money” include, in principle, the transfer of these deposits in order to han...