Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa face severe unemployment problems. These problems are due to high population growth rates and declining economic performance (Charmes, 1990). In Kenya, the population grew at an average rate of four percent annually in the 1970s and started to decline in the 1980s following concerted family planning efforts. By 1991, the annual population growth fell to 3.5%...

BACKGROUND Increasing efforts are being made to prevent sickness absence and to increase worker efficiency, including the use of costly pre-employment medical assessment of white-collar workers and labourers, excluding occupations for which medical supervision is required by law. AIM To investigate whether filling out an occupational health questionnaire (OHQ) as pre-employment assessment was...

Carling et al (1996) analyze a large data set of unemployed workers in order to examine, inter alia, the effect of unemployment benefits on the escape rate to employment. In this paper we take a closer look at the 20 per cent of workers who were drop-outs and check the empirical justification for modeling attrition as independent right censoring in the analysis of unemployment duration. It may ...

We develop a model where agents obtain information about job opportunities through an explicitly modeled network of social contacts. We show that employment is positively correlated across time and agents. Moreover, unemployment exhibits duration dependence: the probability of obtaining a job decreases in the length of time that an agent has been unemployed. Finally, we examine inequality betwe...

Immigrants’ Responsiveness to Labor Market Conditions and Its Implications on Regional Disparities: Evidence from Spain Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (Encuesta de Población Activa) from 1999 through 2004, we explore the role of regional employment opportunities in explaining the increasing immigrant flows of recent years despite the limited internal mobility on the part of nati...

The paper uses cross-country data from Latin America and the OECD to test the predictions of a simple efficiency wage model (Krebs and Maloney 1998) about the share of employment in self-employment and the rate of labor turnover. It finds support for the model and finds numerous demographic, economic and labor market institutions to be important to determining both self-employment and turnover....

This study investigates whether and to what extent further unemployment experience for youths who are already long-term unemployed imposes a penalty on subsequent labour market outcomes. We propose a flexible method for analysing the effect on wages aside of transitions from unemployment and employment within a multivariate duration model which controls for selection on observables and unobserv...

This paper has examined three features of the rural economy in the context of transition of Indian economy: (a) shift in rural employment pattern, (b) trends in rural wages and agricultural growth, and (c) relationships between agricultural wages, productivity and rural non-farm employment (RNFE) in India. The change over of farm employment to non-farm employment has been found higher for male ...

Enabling persons with disabilities to prepare for and engage in gainful employment has become a priority concern in U.S. society. As a result, federal and state policymakers are adopting employment-related initiatives designed to enhance the employment rate of persons with disabilities. Policymakers need credible evidence in order to assess and reform these initiatives. This recognized need, ho...

This paper contributes new evidence using recent administrative data to advance what is known about an important, but still controversial, topic among economists—the expected contributions of old and new businesses to employment growth. Improved understanding of the relative place-specific contributions of old and new businesses to employment growth is needed to help policy makers make efficien...