Introduction: Ureteral stents blocked with encrustation are a common clinical complication and affect bacteria colonization inflammatory response. In this study, different concentrations of copper (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 g/L) were immobilized on polyurethane (PU) that showed functionalization microbe resistance regulation the inflammation response to RAW264.7. Methods: X-ray photoelectron spectro...

Abstract The Precambrian rock record contains numerous examples of microscopic organic filaments and spheres, commonly interpreted as fossil microorganisms. Microfossils are among the oldest traces life on Earth, making their correct identification crucial to our understanding early evolution. Yet, spherical filamentous objects composed carbon sulfur can form in abiogenic reaction sulfide with ...

Abstract This paper details the investigation of a discrete coating observed on group Egyptian panel paintings, six mummy portraits and one funerary panel, dating from first-third century CE. Six in this are encaustic, is tempera using an animal glue binder. An accretion or has been surface recesses paint layers these panels. Examination ultraviolet radiation revealed irregular visible fluoresc...

Ureteral stents are commonly used in urology. Every urologist is familiar with the problems that are associated with stents including infection, encrustation, and bothersome symptoms. These problems limit and affect the use of ureteral stents which are necessary, even in light of the problems they can cause. New designs such as a helically cut ureteral stent which is designed to stretch and con...

BACKGROUND Double-J stents are widely used in urology practice, and removal of these stents can sometimes be forgotten. AIMS To investigate whether indwelling time of double-J stent can predict which treatment modality is required for removal of the stent from the body. STUDY DESIGN A multicentre, retrospective observational study. METHODS The data of 57 patients who were treated for forg...

OBJECTIVES To examine (i) the effect of triclosan on the formation of catheter biofilms by urinary tract pathogens and (ii) the diffusion of triclosan through the retention balloons of urinary catheters. METHODS Models of the catheterized bladder were infected with eight different urinary tract pathogens and the effect of triclosan on biofilm formation was assessed by determining the numbers ...

Two new methods for the laser cleaning using a Q-swihed Nd:YAG laser have been developed and investigated. These offer increased efficiency and reduction in possible substrate damage for a wide range of substrate/encrustation combinations. In angular laser cleaning, it is shown that by controlling the angle of incidence of the cleaning laser, significant improvement in the efficiency of cleanin...

Catheter-related infection makes up a large part of hospital infection and contributes 80% to all nosocomial urological infection, costing hundreds of millions dollar per year for treatment. Biodegradable hydrophilic material incorporating antibiotic substance is a promising way to prevent catheter-related infection. And antimicrobial peptide seems an optimal drug for its desirable antibiotic e...

To enhance our ability to extract palaeobiological and palaeoenvironmental information from ancient thermal spring deposits, we have studied the processes responsible for the development and preservation of stromatolites in modern subaerial thermal spring systems in Yellowstone National Park (USA). We investigated specimens collected from silica-depositing thermal springs along the thermal grad...

White marble samples from ancient quarries have been analyzed by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) both on the bulk material and surface encrustations. With the aim to achieve quantitative results by LIBS, until now not reported on marble materials, calibration standards with CaCO3 matrices doped with certified soils were realized. Very different emission intensities and plasma parame...