An evolutionary game of individuals cooperating to obtain a collective benefit is here modelled as an n-player Prisoner's Dilemma game. With reference to biological situations, such as group foraging, we introduce a threshold condition in the number of cooperators required to obtain the collective benefit. In the simplest version, a three-player game, complex behaviour appears as the replicator...

Introduction/Background* To present the clinicopathological features of cases with Endometrial Stromal Nodule (ESN) and Sarcoma (ESS) in our center. Methodology The diagnosed between 2008-2020 were re-examined microscopically. information for clinical follow-up retrieved from hospital archives, retrospectively. Result(s)* ESN consisted 11 patients ages 41-68 (mean 51,...

We consider a simple two strategy game in which each pure strategy is an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). Under the usual dynamical equations, • the large-time behaviour of the system will depend upon the initial conditions and the pay-off matrix. If spatial effects are included to give a reaction-diffusion system, we prove that travelling wavefronts can occur which in effect replace one E...

The objective of this article is to offer guidelines regarding the selection, calculation, and interpretation of effect sizes (ESs). To accomplish this goal, ESs are first defined and their important contribution to research is emphasized. Then different types of ESs commonly used in group and correlational studies are discussed. Several useful resources are provided for distinguishing among di...

Before ESS was introduced, conventional external and intranasal procedures were performed. ESS has increased in popularity because of enhanced intraoperative visualization and reduced postoperative recovery time. Also, the flexibility of the endoscope has expanded its application to a variety of sinus conditions. This article will review endoscopic sinus surgery and the implications for CPT cod...

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