Background: The objective of this study was to compare the pregnancy rate of Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer (FET) on natural versus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycle endometrium, in patients with repeated IVF failure (RIF). Materials and Methods: In this observational study, the pregnancy rate after FET on natural endometrium in patients with RIF and previously poor endometrium (<7mm) on H...

Apoptosis plays a significant role in differentiation of many organs and helps to maintain homeostasis. The occurrence of apoptosis (using the apoptotic index) and expression of regulation protein Bcl-2 in the human endometrium was evaluated within the secretory phase of both the natural cycle, and an artificial one. Oral hormonal substitution used in this design induced similar, but more marke...

Angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and vascular maturation occur on a regular, physiological basis in human endometrium. These processes form part of a continuum of vascular remodelling involving numerous regulatory factors. Key factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A, VEGFC and VEGFD, and their associated receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3. A second group of vascular regulator...

s:3115:"Background: During reproductive life, the human endometrium undergoes around 500 cycles of growth, breakdown and regeneration. This outstanding regenerative capability is the basis for cyclic endometrial preparation and its dysfunction is involved in pathological disorders. Endometrial regeneration is mediated by the existence of a specialized endometrial stem cell (SC) population recen...

STUDY QUESTION Is the endometrial mononuclear cell population in infertile patients altered in subjects with classical endometrial polyps (macropolyps) versus endometrial micropolyps that are hysteroscopically recognized as small uterine cavity protrusions? SUMMARY ANSWER Macropolypoid endometrium had a low density of pan-leukocytes, pan-T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, whereas micropol...

Background Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, which caused by various factors. Recent evidences support the presence of endometrial stem cells and their possible involvement in endometriosis. Related studies mainly focus on stemness-related genes, and pluripotency markers may play a role in the etiology of endometri...

Angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and vascular maturation occur on a regular, physiological basis in human endometrium. These processes form part of a continuum of vascular remodelling involving numerous regulatory factors. Key factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A, VEGFC and VEGFD, and their associated receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3. A second group of vascular regulator...

The physiologic importance of the endometrium in assisted reproductive technology is now receiving much research attention. The historical importance of ultrasound for determination of endometrial pattern, thickness and contractility is reviewed and speculation provided for a possible mechanism of the adverse effect of thin endometrium on implantation.