Surgical interventions for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) include open or laparoscopic ureterocystoneostomy (UCN) and endoscopic injection. Historically, open UCN has been the gold standard in surgical treatment of VUR with high success and low complication rates. [1] Although open UCN causes bleeding from the incised bladder wall or dissected trigone, the bleeding is usually not severe unless a b...

There are conditions that simulate bladder tumors from the standpoint of clinical manifestation, imaging, and endoscopic findings. One of these, glandular cystitis due to inflammation of the lamina propria and proliferation of the epithelium by invagination, can cause macroscopic alterations suggestive of a neoplasm. There is no therapeutic recommendation because of the small number of cases th...

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was introduced over 4 decades ago. This challenging procedure has evolved significantly with experienced endoscopists performing this procedure safely and effectively with almost 100% biliary cannulation success rates. Since first used for biliary drainage in patients with choledocholithiasis, ERCP continues to play a critical role in the ma...

The term "dysfunction" defines the motor disorders of the gall bladder and the sphincter of Oddi (SO) without note of the potential etiologic factors for the difficulty to differentiate purely functional alterations from subtle structural changes. Dysfunction of the gall bladder and/or SO produces similar patterns of biliopancreatic pain and SO dysfunction may occur in the presence of the gall ...

conclusions nbi cystoscopy improved the detection rate. although false positives were more common with nbi, this was not statistically significant. nbi found additional aggressive tumors, which underscores the impact of detection in eortc recurrence risk scoring. results fifty patients, aged 63.86 ± 10.05 years, were enrolled. the overall detection rate was 98.9% for nbi vs. 89.4% for wli (p = ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Currently, endoscopic medicine is being increasingly used, albeit not without risks. Therefore, this study evaluated the factors associated with perioperative complications in endoscopic surgery with intraoperative irrigation. METHOD A cohort study of six months duration. Patients aged ≥ 18 years undergoing endoscopic surgery with the use of irrigation fluids during ...

Today, minimally invasive surgical approach in spinal surgery is increasingly becoming popular. Microdiscectomy has been gold standard since 1990. However, in certain centers endoscopic discectomy techniques started to be used. 13,14,21,22 Today, in East Asia, 30% of the discs are operated endoscopically. And this gives us the signals that the surgical method will change in the future. Transfor...

The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate endoscopic ultrasonography and microscopic examination of duodenal bile in the diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis not detected by conventional ultrasonography. Forty five consecutive patients (26 females, 19 males, mean age: 50 years) with suspected cholecystolithiasis and at least two normal transcutaneous ultrasonography examinations were incl...

60 years old female patient presented with pain in the right hypochondriac region, which was colicky and nonradiating and associated with nausea, vomiting and generalised itching for 6 months off and on. There was no significant past history of any major illness. The patient was afebrile, and icterus was present. An ill-defined mass was found in the right hypochondriac region, which was firm, t...

Introduction: Small bowel obstruction secondary to metastatic disease is a rare presentation with most current evidence being limited to case reports. Previous evidence described breast, lung and melanoma as the most common underlying primaries presenting with this entity. Bladder carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the gastrointestinal tract, and if present, does not typically cause small bowel o...