Recent advances in endodontic instrumentation have simplified the treatment process and improved long-term success. Ten years ago the vast majority of endodontic instrumentation was being performed with hand files and reamers. Today, most practitioners providing endodontic therapy are utilizing rotary instrumentation.

Despite marvelous advances in repair for acute type A aortic dissection over past decades, it remains challenging to repair the aortic root when aortic dissection extended to the sinuses causes the fragile root because of its thinner layers, which are susceptible to suture trauma. Here, we describe a modified Florida sleeve technique to strengthen the weakened aortic root. After mobilization of...

External root resorption may occur as a consequence of trauma, orthodontic treatment, bacterial infection or incomplete sealing of the root canal system (bacterial re-infection), and lead to crater formation on the resorbed apex. This would deform the root apex surface, and cause loss of apical constriction. Depending on the extent of the resorptive process, different treatment regimens have be...

Repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has been performed since 19541 and adult survival is expected.2 Longterm problems include arrhythmias, both supraventricular and ventricular, and residual hemodynamic problems, which are generally well tolerated for many years; these include residual ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis but, most commonly, pulmonary regurgitation, with its consequ...

Material adapted repair technologies for fiber-reinforced polymers with thermosetting matrix systems are currently characterized by requiring major efforts for repair preparation and accomplishment in all industrial areas of application. In order to allow for a uniform distribution of material and geometrical parameters over the repair zone, a novel composite interlock repair concept is introdu...

different ossificant materials have been used for induction of bone repair in many studies, and bone matrix gelatin which contains bone morphogenic proteins is one of the best ones. in present study we evaluated the role of this material in acceleration of bone repair in rabbit tibia. a hole of 3.5 mm diameter was made on right tibia of 10 and 12 rabbits as study and control group respectively....

There were several materials used to seal different types of perforation defects. MTA is one of these restorative materials that is considered the most effective, biocompatible, non-toxic, and non-irritant; promote bone healing and cementum regeneration. The objective of this article was to review and summarize the sealing ability of MTA compared with the other materials used for sealing differ...

In concrete repair systems, material properties of the repair material and the interface are greatly influenced by the moisture exchange between the repair material and the substrate. If the substrate is dry, it can absorb water from the repair material and reduce its effective water-to-cement ratio (w/c). This further affects the hydration rate of cement based material. In addition to the chan...